Practice is essential for learning. There is evidence that solving Parsons problems (putting mixed up code blocks in order) is a more efficient, but just as effective, form of practice than writing code from scratch. However, not all students successfully solve every Parsons problem. Making the problems adaptive, so that the difficulty changes based on the learner's performance, should keep the learner in Vygotsky's zone of proximal development and maximize learning gains. This paper reports on a study comparing the efficiency and effectiveness of learning from solving adaptive Parsons problems vs non-adaptive Parsons problem vs writing the equivalent code. The adaptive Parsons problems used both intra-problem and inter-problem adaptation. Intra-problem adaptation means that if the learner is struggling to solve the current problem, the problem can dynamically be made easier. Inter-problem adaptation means that the difficulty of the next problem is modified based on the learner's performance on the previous problem. This study provides evidence that solving intra-problem and inter-problem adaptive Parsons problems is a more efficient, but just as effective, form of practice as writing the equivalent code.

Hierarchical representations are common in digital repositories, yet are not always fully leveraged in their online search interfaces. This work describes ResultMaps, which use hierarchical treemap representations with query string-driven digital library search engines. We describe two lab experiments, which find that ResultsMap users yield significantly better results over a control condition on some subjective measures, and we find evidence that ResultMaps have ancillary benefits via increased understanding of some aspects of repository content. The ResultMap system and experiments contribute an understanding of the benefits--direct and indirect--of the ResultMap approach to repository search visualization.

VR has come a long way - from clunky, mechanically-tracked HMDs driven by multi-million dollar computers - to sleek wireless HMDs driven by commodity PCs and graphics cards - and many purported VR applications don't use HMDs at all. Applications have expanded from scientific, engineering and military to entertainment and social networking. The meaning of VR has changed. In this talk I ask (and endeavor to answer) questions such as: "What is the essence of VR?"; "What is the future of VR?"; "How has VR changed?"; "What is the science behind VR?"; and "What are open VR research questions?"

No abstract available.

The conference this year is the tenth anniversary of UIST.The keynote talk discusses the history of UIST over the last ten years; this panel looks into the future of the field over the next ten.Each of the panelists will describe a scenario for what life will be like when we meet for UIST'O'I, ten years from now.They will also have a chance to challenge or question each others' scenarios and to participate in open discussion with the audience.

Our work concerns visualizing the information space of hypermedia systems using multiple hierarchical views. Although overview diagrams are useful for helping the user to navigate in a hypermedia system, for any real-world system they become too complicated and large to be really useful. This is because these diagrams represent complex network structures which are very difficult to visualize and comprehend. On the other hand, effective visualizations of hierarchies have been developed. Our strategy is to provide the user with different hierarchies, each giving a different perspective to the underlying information space, to help the user better comprehend the information. We propose an algorithm based on content and structural analysis to form hierarchies from hypermedia networks. The algorithm is automatic but can be guided by the user. The multiple hierarchies can be visualized in various ways. We give examples of the implementation of the algorithm on two hypermedia systems. KEYWORD...

Article Visualizing the Internet (panel session): putting the user in the driver's seat Share on Authors: Nahum D. Gershon The MITRE Corporation The MITRE CorporationView Profile , Bran Ferren Walt Disney Imagineering Walt Disney ImagineeringView Profile , James Foley Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of TechnologyView Profile , Joseph Hardin National Center for Supercomputing Applications National Center for Supercomputing ApplicationsView Profile , Frank Kappe Graz University of Technology, Austria Graz University of Technology, AustriaView Profile , William A. Ruh The MITRE Corporation The MITRE CorporationView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGGRAPH '95: Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniquesSeptember 1995 Pages 492–494https://doi.org/10.1145/218380.218529Published:15 September 1995 1citation273DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads273Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access

One method for user interface analysis that has proven successful is formal interface analysis, such as GOMSbased analysis. Such methods are often criticized for being difficult to learn, or at the very least an additional burden for the system designer. However, if the process of constructing and using formal models could be automated as part of the interface design environment, such models could be of even greater value. This paper describes an early version of such a system, called USAGE (the UIDE System for semi-Automated GOMS Evaluation). Given the application model necessary to drive the UIDE system, USAGE generates an NGOMSL model of the interface which can be “run ” on a typical set of user tasks and provide execution and learning time estimates.

We present an inference engine that can be used for creating Programming By Demonstration systems. The class of systems addressed are those which infer a state change description from examples of state [9, 11].

Article Free Access Share on Model-based user interfaces: what are they and why should we care? Authors: Noi Sukaviriya GVU Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA GVU Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GAView Profile , Srdjan Kovacevic US WEST Technologies, 4001 Discovery Dr., Boulder, CO US WEST Technologies, 4001 Discovery Dr., Boulder, COView Profile , James D. Foley GVU Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA GVU Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GAView Profile , Brad A. Myers Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PAView Profile , Dan R. Olsen Computer Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT Computer Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UTView Profile , Matthias Schneider-Hufschmidt Siemens AG, ZFE ST SN 51, D-81730, Munich Siemens AG, ZFE ST SN 51, D-81730, MunichView Profile Authors Info & Claims UIST '94: Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technologyNovember 1994Pages 133–135https://doi.org/10.1145/192426.192479Published:02 November 1994Publication History 13citation532DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations13Total Downloads532Last 12 Months42Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF

Model-based user interface design is centered around a description of application objects and operations at a level of abstraction higher than that of code, A good model can be used to support multiple interfaces, help separate interface and application, describe input sequencing in a simple way, check consistency and completeness of the interface, evaluate the interface's speed-of-use, generate context-specific help and assist in designing the interface.However, designers mrely use computer-supported application modelling today and prefer less formal approaches such as story boards of user interface prototypes.One reason is that available tools often use cryptic languages for the model specification.Another reason is that these tools force the designers to specify the application model before they can start working on the visual interface, which is their main area of expertise.We present the Interactive User Interface Design Environment (Interactive UIDE), a novel framework for concurrent development of the application model and the user interface which combines story-boarding and model-based interface design.We also present Albert.an intelligent component within this framework, which is able to infer an application model from a user interface and from an interview process with the designer, KEYWORDS User Interface Management Systems.Modelbased User Interface Design.

Abstract

Building an interactive application involves the design of both a data model and a graphical user interface (GUI) to present that model to the user. These two design activities are typically approached as separate tasks and are frequently undertaken by different individuals or groups. Our apporach eliminated redundant specification work by generating an interface directly from the data model itself. An inference engine using style rules for selecting and placing GUI controls (i.e., widgets) is integrated with an interface design tool to generate a user interface definition. This approach allows a single data model to be mapped onto multiple GUI's by substituting the appropriate rule set and thus represents a step toward a GUI-independent run-time layout facility.

HCI research at Georgia Tech is found in three cooperating groups: the Engineering Psychology and Experimental Psychology Programs in the School of Psychology, the Center for Human-Machine Systems Research in the School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, and the interdisciplinary Graphics, Visualization and Usability (GVU) Center. We cooperate via cross-listed courses, having students in one area take a minor in another area, collaborative research projects, serving on Ph. D. committees, joint colloquia and brown bag lunches, and joint appointments. The GVU Center (housed in the College of Computing) and Cognitive Science Program (sponsored by Psychology, Industrial and Systems Engineering, and the College of Computing) involves a number of the same faculty, further enhancing our collaborations.

A tool is presented which allows graphic layout of a user interface integrated with specification of behavior using pre- and postconditions.

We have augmented user interface objects (i.e. windows, menus, buttons, sliders, ets.) with preconditions that determine their visibility and their enabled/disabled status and postconditions that are asserted when certain actions are performed on the object. Postconditions are associated with each functionally different action on the object. Attaching pre- and postconditions to interface objects provides several useful features, such as selective enabling of controls, rapid prototyping, and automatic generation of explanations and help text.

Article Free Access Share on DON: user interface presentation design assistant Authors: Won Chul Kim Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, George Washington University, Washington, DCView Profile , James D. Foley Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, George Washington University, Washington, DCView Profile Authors Info & Claims UIST '90: Proceedings of the 3rd annual ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on User interface software and technologyAugust 1990 Pages 10–20https://doi.org/10.1145/97924.97926Published:01 August 1990Publication History 33citation1,641DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations33Total Downloads1,641Last 12 Months62Last 6 weeks12 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF

Article Coupling a UI framework with automatic generation of context-sensitive animated help Share on Authors: Piyawadee Sukaviriya Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DCView Profile , James D. Foley Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DCView Profile Authors Info & Claims UIST '90: Proceedings of the 3rd annual ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on User interface software and technologyAugust 1990 Pages 152–166https://doi.org/10.1145/97924.97942Published:01 August 1990 56citation679DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations56Total Downloads679Last 12 Months56Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access

A knowledge base which defines a user-computer interface is described. The knowledge base serves as input to a user interface management system, which implements the user interface. However, the knowledge base represents user interface design knowledge at a level of abstraction higher than is typical of user interface management systems. In particular, it represents objects, actions, attributes of objects, an object class hierarchy, and pre- and post-conditions on the actions. The knowledge base can be algorithmically transformed into a number of functionally equivalent interfaces, each of which is slightly different from the original interface. The transformed interface definition can be input to the UIMS, providing a way to quickly experiment with a family of related interfaces.

Article Free Access Share on Managing the design of user-computer interfaces Authors: J. Foley The George Washington University & Computer Graphics Consultants The George Washington University & Computer Graphics ConsultantsView Profile , S. Boies IBM IBMView Profile , W. Zimmer DEC DECView Profile Authors Info & Claims CHI '86: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsApril 1986Pages 340–342https://doi.org/10.1145/22627.22393Published:01 April 1986Publication History 5citation218DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations5Total Downloads218Last 12 Months19Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF

Article Free Access Share on Computer graphics in higher education (Panel Session) Authors: Al Bork The George Washington University The George Washington UniversityView Profile , Maxine Brown The George Washington University The George Washington UniversityView Profile , Robin King The George Washington University The George Washington UniversityView Profile , Andries van Dam The George Washington University The George Washington UniversityView Profile , Mike Wozny The George Washington University The George Washington UniversityView Profile , Chairman: James D. Foley The George Washington University The George Washington UniversityView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGGRAPH '83: Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniquesJuly 1983 Pages 31–33https://doi.org/10.1145/800059.801129Online:01 July 1983Publication History 2citation402DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads402Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF

Despite the current interest in user-computer interfaces, the design of a good interface remains to a great extent an art, with much argument over guidelines and principles for interface design. Pertinent information, scattered throughout the literature of psychology, graphic design. linguistics, hardware design, and under the general umbrella of computer science, is only gradually being gathered into survey publications for application by computer scientists [1,4,12,15]. Our purpose is to design a specification language which will serve as a vehicle for the design of and experimentation with user-computer interfaces. The specification language not only defines the external characteristics of the interface, but can also be analyzed to determine whether the interface meets a set of generally-accepted human factors guidelines. We believe the language is general enough to be used with principles of interface design other than those we have proposed.

In this paper we describe a graduate Computer Science course, “The Design of User-Computer Interfaces”, which the author developed and has taught since 1979. Students taking the course are normally in their second year of graduate study, and have thus been exposed to several different interactive computing environments.

In this paper we present a conceptual model of raster graphics systems which integrates, at a suitable level of abstraction, the major features found in both contemporary and anticipated graphics systems. These features are the refresh buffer; the image creation (scan-conversion) system; the single address-space architecture which integrates the address space of the refresh buffer with those of the image creation system and the associated general-purpose computer; the RasterOp or BitBlt instructions found in some single address-space architectures; the video look-up table, and refresh buffer to screen transformations. Also included are the major components from the conceptual model of vector graphics systems which are embodied in the ACM/SIGGGRAPH/GSPC Core System. Using the conceptual model as a base, we proceed to sketch out the capabilities we have defined in a substantial addition to the Core System. The capabilities are currently being implemented as part of the George Washington University Core System.

article Free Access Share on Graphics Programming Using a Database System with Dependency Declarations Authors: M. T. Garrett Garrett Information Systems, 1590 Eton Street, Crofton, MD Garrett Information Systems, 1590 Eton Street, Crofton, MDView Profile , J. D. Foley Institute for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. Institute for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Transactions on GraphicsVolume 1Issue 2April 1982 pp 109–128https://doi.org/10.1145/357299.357301Published:01 April 1982Publication History 15citation525DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations15Total Downloads525Last 12 Months69Last 6 weeks6 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF

A full implementation of the proposed standard Core System graphics subroutine package, including raster extensions, is described. Emphasis is placed on the internal structure of the implementation, and on critical design decisions. Salient features of the implementation include separate 2D and 3D viewing pipelines, a centralized dispatcher to control the flow of information between various parts of the Core, a strong separation between the device-independent and device-dependent parts of the Core, and either device-independent or device-dependent simulation of missing hardware capabilities.

The Core System is a proposed standard subroutine package for line-drawing graphics. We present some Core System extensions for use with raster graphics equipment. The extensions, which are upward-compatible with the present Core System, provide filled polygons, display of arrays of pixels, use of a color look-up table, and hidden-surface or hidden-edge removal. The extensions are being intergrated into an existing Core System implementation.

This paper reviews and compares the uses of dimensioning in the instance and dimensioning in the master to specify instances of symbol definitions in general-purpose graphics programming languages. The processing required to each case is described and compared. Dimensioning in the master is easier to implement, can allow faster display of images because of simpler processing, and semantically is a bit less powerful than dimensioning in the instance. When appropriate, both can gracefully coexist in a graphics language, but the great majority of graphics applications only need the semantic power of dimensioning in the master.

This paper reports on CAGES, a programming system which substantially simplifies the process of writing interactive graphics application programs for use in a distributed processing, satellite-host configuration. It allows programs written in a PL/I subset to be configurable: program modules . (main program, subroutines) and data can be easily reassigned from the host to the satellite, or vice versa. That is, the division of labor between the two computers is readily modified.The CAGES system supplements the operating system services normally provided on the host or satellite computers by providing the illusion that the application is executing in a single computer memory with dual CPUs. In reality the application is distributed between the memories of the host and satellite computers. To maintain this illusion CAGES provides three types of services:Inter-computer subroutine CALLs and RETURNs. A subroutine call executed on one computer and targeted to a subroutine resident on the other computer is known as a remote procedure call. It is supported just as one would expect. A message containing the subroutine's name and parameters is sent to the computer where the subroutine is to be executed. Following its execution, a message containing results (modified parameters) is sent back, and the calling routine continues its execution.(2) Inter-computer CONDITIONs. A SIGNAL statement or interrupts on one computer raising a CONDITION for which there is an enabled ON-BLOCK in the other computer is much like a parameterless remote procedure call. It is supported in essentially the same manner as a remote calls.(3) GLOBAL data references. Variables with EXTERNAL scope which may be referenced from subroutines in both computers are known as GLOBAL variables. If, when referenced, a GLOBAL variable is not located in the memory of the referencing computer, the reference is said to be a remote reference.The CAGES system handles such references by obtaining the needed data from the remote computer and placing a local copy of it in the memory of the referencing computer. The program is then allowed to access this copy.Figure 1 illustrates the over-all structure of CAGES. Application programs are written as if they were going to be resident on only one computer. The programmer then adds extended declarations specifying GLOBAL variables and the desired configuration of the application program. These declarations and the source code are input to the CAGES preprocessor. The preprocessor slightly changes the declarations of the GLOBAL variables in the source code, generates some additional procedures, and outputs three files. One file contains procedures destined for the host (IBM 360/75), one contains procedures destined for the satellite (PDP-11/45), and one contains symbol table entries for GLOBAL variables. The (modified) source procedures are then compiled by either the PL/I-F compiler (host procedures) or the PLCD[1,2] compiler (satellite procedures). Finally, the link-editors of each computer combine CAGES run-time routines with the object modules produced by the previous compile steps to produce two executable load modules,one for each computer. Although the implementation at U.N.C. is based on PL/I, other languages which can be compiled for both host and satellite could be used with this approach.It should be clear that CAGES is not a graphics package in the usual sense. Indeed, any graphics subroutines or other graphics support used by the application program appears to the CAGES system as part of the application, as figure 2 shows. Thus CAGES does not require or provide for any particular type of graphic data structure. In fact, the CAGES system is equally useful to non-graphics programs which must for some reason be distributed in the memories of a two computer network.

In this paper we describe an event-driven data collection facility, and a general-purpose program to perform a set of analyses on the collected data. There are several features which distinguish this facility from others. First, the system being monitored is a network of loosely-coupled computers. Although there are just two computers in the network, the facility could be readily extended to larger networks. Second, the main purpose of the facility is to monitor the execution of interactive graphics application programs whose processing and data are distributed between the network's computers. Third, the data collector and analyzer are readily extendible to treat new kinds of data. This is accomplished by a data and event independent collector, and a table-driven data analyzer.