In this article, we present a fog computing technique for real-time activity recognition and localization on-board wearable Internet of Things(IoT) devices. Our technique makes joint use of two light-weight analytic methods—Iterative Edge Mining(IEM) and Cooperative Activity Sequence-based Map Matching(CASMM). IEM is a decision-tree classifier that uses acceleration data to estimate the activity state. The sequence of activities generated by IEM is analyzed by the CASMM method for identifying the location. The CASMM method uses cooperation between devices to improve accuracy of classification and then performs map matching to identify the location. We evaluate the performance of our approach for activity recognition and localization of animals. The evaluation is performed using real-world acceleration data of cows collected during a pilot study at a Dairygold-sponsored farm in Kilworth, Ireland. The analysis shows that our approach can achieve a localization accuracy of up to 99%. In addition, we exploit the location-awareness of devices and present an event-driven communication approach to transmit data from the IoT devices to the cloud. The delay-tolerant communication facilitates context-aware sensing and significantly improves energy profile of the devices. Furthermore, an array-based implementation of IEM is discussed, and resource assessment is performed to verify its suitability for device-based implementation.

This paper proposes an improved version of a fully distributed routing protocol, that is applicable for cloud computing infrastructure. Simulation results shows the protocol is ideal for discovering cloud services in a scalable manner with minimum latency.

While many aspects of the Future Internet are uncertain, one thing that is clear is that service demand will continue to rise. Also, advances in mobile devices and service technology will almost certainly cause service usage patterns to vary considerably. Another issue that the Future Internet community must be acutely aware of is the huge movement towards more sustainable forms of computing and communications technology. With the recent attention that has been put on IT energy consumption (data-centres in particular), all computing and communications systems need to consider their environmental impact from the outset. With that in mind, we propose a solution for determining the optimal placement of services in data-centre network, in order to maximize the overall renewable energy usage and minimize the cooling energy consumption. We then perform a series of experiments in order to evaluate our solution, incorporating dynamic service request profiles and actual weather and renewable energy production values.

The current Internet infrastructure is facing a number of limitations that is not suitable to meet the growing number of services and users. In particular, one aspect that requires enhancement is routing, where original routing concepts were designed for static traffic patterns with minimal variations and supporting mainly low throughput traffic (e.g. Data). As the number of users as well as services supporting the user grows, the current routing mechanisms will not be feasible. In this paper we present a gradient based distributed routing technique that is based on discovering routes through a gradient field created in the topology. The gradient calculation is based on weighted sum of a number of components, which modifies the gradient field as the network load changes. Simulation results have also been presented to validate the proposed routing algorithm.

There is currently much debate in defining what form the future Internet will take. The current Internet is struggling to meet the needs of an ever-evolving society. This is largely due to the Internet now become a thriving marketplace with services at the core. The range, number and complexity of services are set to increase with an even more dynamic service environment envisioned in the future. However, as these services grow, service composition will become an important feature of the service environment, leading to new challenges in service discovery and composition mechanisms. At the same time, dynamic service environments will also require that the underlying infrastructure networks are flexible enough to handle the changing service landscape. One area this is particularly important is in dynamic routing to deal with highly dynamic and frequent service changes. In this paper, we adopt mechanisms from biology and apply these to the problems identified, resulting in an integrated bio-inspired service management and dynamic routing solution for Future Internet. We demonstrate how the bio-inspired mechanisms not only improve each problem individually, but through their integration also improve overall network performance. Simulation results are presented to validate the proposed solution.

The vision of Autonomic Network Management seeks self-governance (e.g. self-organisation, self-management) capabilities amongst network devices and system to minimise complexities found in current network management. Policy based management system provides a mechanism to counter these complexities, where the system provides a consistent model for decision making process. In this paper we propose bio-inspired mechanisms to support network survivability that is integrated with policy based management. Our solution is based on adaptation and integration of various biological principles such as Blood Glucose Homeostasis, Chemotaxis, Reaction-Diffusion and Hormone Signaling. The bio-inspired principles support a high degree of robustness, which is a key feature towards adapting in fluctuating network environment. Simulations results have also been presented to illustrate our proposed solution.

In this paper we present a biological Nano and MEMS communication platform that uses Nano logic computation based on controlled cell-signaling mechanisms. The proposed solution also integrates compartmentalisation techniques to support parallel processing. Based on our solution, our objective is to create a nanoscale communication networks between various biological Nano and MEMS devices within a tissue to support various medical applications (e.g. patient monitoring).

This paper proposes a unique feedback governed multi layered architectural model to support ISP's traffic demands with multiple quality of service(QoS) constraints. The proposed model consists of different modules each responsible for a particular set of tasks. The most challenging task involved in satisfying the demands is routing the traffic subject to multiple QoS constraints for multiple internet service providers (ISP). Routing the traffic subject to multiple constraints itself is known to be an NP-hard problem. This paper addresses the problem of finding the optimum routes to satisfy the demands of different ISPs, where different ISPs have different demands and their priority of QoS keep changing. A genetic algorithm (GA) which makes use of heuristic technique is proposed in this paper. All the optimum routes are found in one run of the program, therefore the chromosome selected encodes all the demanded routes. This paper also makes use of employing a tournament selection mechanism where the diversity of the population is preserved while the best chromosomes are carried to the next generation. The evolutionary property of GA is utilised in this paper to evolve to suit the changing demands. The performance and the evolutionary property of the proposed solution are shown with the simulation tests.

Conference and social events provides an opportunity for people to interact and develop formal contacts with various groups of individuals. In this paper, we propose an efficient interaction mechanism in a pervasive computing environment that provide recommendation to users of suitable locations within a conference or expo hall to meet and interact with individuals of similar interests. The proposed solution is based on evaluation of context information to deduce each user's interests as well as bioinspired self-organisation mechanism to direct users towards appropriate locations. Simulation results have also been provided to validate our proposed solution.

Shadow maps are a widely used shadowing technique in real time graphics. One major drawback of their use is that they cannot be filtered in the same way as color textures, typically leading to severe aliasing. This paper introduces variance shadow maps, a new real time shadowing algorithm. Instead of storing a single depth value, we store the mean and mean squared of a distribution of depths, from which we can efficiently compute the variance over any filter region. Using the variance, we derive an upper bound on the fraction of a shaded fragment that is occluded. We show that this bound often provides a good approximation to the true occlusion, and can be used as an approximate value for rendering. Our algorithm is simple to implement on current graphics processors and solves the problem of shadow map aliasing with minimal additional storage and computation.

The liberalisation of the telecommunications industry has resulted in a proliferation of new services and services providers. This is particularly the case in the rapidly expanding IP-based services market. Providers include ISPs, virtual private network (VPN) and application service providers, and backbone operators. The final service set delivered to the customer will result from the combination of these service offerings. From a service usage accounting perspective, this new environment creates a number of important challenges, which did not apply in the traditional monopolistic telecommunications environment. The first issue is that of multiple administrative domains from the customer and service provider side and the second issue concerns applying customer service level agreements (SLA) and quality of service (QoS). This paper addresses the issue of settlement of usage charges across several service providers when they collectively provide services to customers. The main issue is to develop standardised mechanisms that allow various business and operation support systems operating in various domains to exchange accounting information. The work presented in this paper focuses on the development of a business-to-business (B2B) service provisioning and management architecture to provide guidance to international organisations on the development of a federated accounting management solution. This architecture aims to be both open and adaptable and is based on standardisation work going on in TMForum (TeleManagement Forum), IPDR (IP detail record), IETF and ETSI (European Telecommunication Standardisation Institute).

The deployment of broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) networks based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network technology has created customer expectations of a telecommunications environment offering access to a multitude of service types (incorporating voice, data and graphic) accessible from a single customer access point. In addition, customers expect greater management control over the configuration and operation of such services. While first implementations of public ATM networks (such as the Pan-European ATM pilot) are already in the market place these tend to confine their service offerings to basic semi-permanent virtual path services. Satisfaction of customer service expectations requires that such networks provide customers with more dynamic control (via signalling) over the creation and deletion of customer connections. In addition, customer expectations in relation to bandwidth availability and quality of service control requires that such networks support more dynamic "on-demand" virtual path (VP) and virtual circuit (VC) connections. The successful operation of such networks requires automated management systems reflecting the operator processes involved. This paper presents the main management results of the work carried out by the Eurescom project into the specification of the management requirements to support the operation of a first Pan-European VC-based switched ATM network. The paper describes the functional architecture defined to support the specification work, the main results of the specification work and the open management issues identified by the task.