We present CINT (City Net-zero Tool): an analytical and predictive model designed to quantitatively assess carbon data in urban areas. We developed a workflow to collect existing data from city councils on carbon footprint, consumption and production, and tested the interoperability between urban public data and GIS data. We implemented the model using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) to infer the carbon emissions related to individual buildings based on a station-based dataset. We present initial testing on the integration of data from OpenStreetMap with a vector model and initial testing on modelling data into graph networks to generate enquiries and inference on carbon data and urban scenarios. This method shows how we can integrate more datasets into our base model (graph-based geo-referenced map) to infer unknown information (for example the estimated NO2 emission per each building).

In this paper we consider an adaptive modulation system with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas in conjunction with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) operating over frequency selective Rayleigh fading environments. In particular, we consider a type of beamforming with a maximum ratio transmission, maximum ratio combining (MRT-MRC) transceiver structure. For this system we derive a central limit theorem for various block-based performance metrics. This motivates an accurate Gaussian approximation to the system data rate and the number of outages per OFDM block. In addition to data rate and outage distributions, we also consider the subcarrier SNR as a random process in the frequency domain and compute level crossing rates (LCRs) and average fade bandwidths (AFBs). Hence, we provide fundamental but novel results for the MIMO OFDM channel. The accuracy of these results is verified by Monte Carlo simulations, and applications to both performance analysis and system design are discussed.

Lattice coding of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is considered. Mapping of multilevel construction lattices to OFDM blocks is shown, and a methodology for probabilistic analysis of multistage generalized minimum distance (GMD) decoding of the received OFDM blocks is shown. As a case study, transmission of points from a 128-dimensional Barnes-Wall lattice is considered. Tight approximations to the system-error rate are obtained and verified by simulation. It appears that GMD decoding of lattice-encoded OFDM provides high coding gain at low complexity

For a power limited orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system transmitting a large number N of subcarriers over a Rayleigh-fading channel, the distribution of the instantaneous capacity is shown to be approximately Gaussian. The mean and variance of the approximating distribution are derived. It is also shown that, in the limit as Nrarrinfin, the capacity approaches a constant value equal to the capacity of the infinite-bandwidth Gaussian channel

Given digital transmission over two correlated Rician fading channels, we present a readily calculable expression for a tight approximation to the correlation between the probabilities of symbol error on each channel. For the Rayleigh fading channel the expression is exact. This correlation expression has applications in error performance analysis of fading systems, particularly multichannel systems and Markov modelling of error events. As an example we use these expressions to bound the block error rate of an OFDM system