After decades of urban investment dominated by sprawl and outward growth, municipal governments in the United States are responsible for the upkeep of urban neighborhoods that have not received sufficient resources or maintenance in many years. One of city governments' biggest challenges is to revitalize decaying neighborhoods given only limited resources. In this paper, we apply data science techniques to administrative data to help the City of Memphis, Tennessee improve distressed neighborhoods. We develop new methods to efficiently identify homes in need of rehabilitation and to predict the impacts of potential investments on neighborhoods. Our analyses allow Memphis to design neighborhood-improvement strategies that generate greater impacts on communities. Since our work uses data that most US cities already collect, our models and methods are highly portable and inexpensive to implement. We also discuss the challenges we encountered while analyzing government data and deploying our tools, and highlight important steps to improve future data-driven efforts in urban policy.

We present lessons learned from developing Alice, a 3D graphics programming environment designed for undergraduates with no 3D graphics or programming experience. Alice is a Windows 95/NT tool for describing the time-based and interactive behavior of 3D objects, not a CAD tool for creating object geometry. Our observations and conclusions come from formal and informal observations of hundreds of users. Primary results include the use of LOGO-style egocentric coordinate systems, the use of arbitrary objects as lightweight coordinate systems, the launching of implicit threads of execution, extensive function overloading for a small set of commands, the careful choice of command names, and the ubiquitous use of animation and undo.

Users of 3D desktop applications perform tasks that require accessing data storage, moving objects, and navigation. These operations are typically performed using 2D GUI elements or 3D widgets. We wish to focus on interaction with 3D widgets directly in the 3D world, rather than forcing our users to repeatedly switch contexts between 2D and 3D. However, the use of 3D widgets requires a mechanism for storing, accessing, and retrieving these widgets. In this paper we present foolspuces and glances to provide this capability for 3D widgets and other objects in interactive 3D worlds. Toolspaces are storage spaces attached to the user’s virtual body; objects placed in these spaces are always accessible yet out of the user’s view until needed. Users access these toolspaces to store and retrieve objects through a type of lightweight and ephemeral navigation we call glances. CR

The VideoMouse is a mouse that uses a camera as its input sensor. A real-time vision algorithm determines the six degree-of-freedom mouse posture, consisting of 2D motion, tilt in the forward/back and left/right axes, rotation of the mouse about its vertical axis, and some limited height sensing. Thus, a familiar 2D device can be extended for three-dimensional manipulation, while remaining suitable for standard 2D GUI tasks. We describe techniques for mouse functionality, 3D manipulation, navigating large 2D spaces, and using the camera for lightweight scanning tasks.

This paper presents a set of interaction techniques for use in headtracked immersive virtual environments.With these techniques, the user interacts with the 2D projections that 3D objects in the scene make on his image plane.The desktop analog is the use of a mouse to interact with objects in a 3D scene based on their projections on the monitor screen.Participants in an immersive environment can use the techniques we discuss for object selection, object manipulation, and user navigation in virtual environments.

Alice is a rapid prototyping system used to create three dimensional graphics simulations like those seen in virtual reality applications. Alice uses an interpreted language called Python as its scripting language to implement user actions. This interactive development environment allows users to explore many more design options than is possible in a compiled language environment. The alpha version of Alice for Windows 95 is available for free over the intemet, with the beta release scheduled for August.

Article 3D magic lenses Share on Authors: John Viega User Interface Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall, Charlottesville, VA User Interface Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall, Charlottesville, VAView Profile , Matthew J. Conway User Interface Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall, Charlottesville, VA User Interface Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall, Charlottesville, VAView Profile , George Williams User Interface Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall, Charlottesville, VA User Interface Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall, Charlottesville, VAView Profile , Randy Pausch User Interface Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall, Charlottesville, VA User Interface Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall, Charlottesville, VAView Profile Authors Info & Claims UIST '96: Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technologyNovember 1996 Pages 51–58https://doi.org/10.1145/237091.237098Online:01 November 1996Publication History 131citation1,529DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations131Total Downloads1,529Last 12 Months59Last 6 weeks8 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access

Article Free Access Share on Virtual reality on a WIM: interactive worlds in miniature Authors: Richard Stoakley The University of Virginia, Department of Computer Science, Charlottesville, VA The University of Virginia, Department of Computer Science, Charlottesville, VAView Profile , Matthew J. Conway The University of Virginia, Department of Computer Science, Charlottesville, VA The University of Virginia, Department of Computer Science, Charlottesville, VAView Profile , Randy Pausch The University of Virginia, Department of Computer Science, Charlottesville, VA The University of Virginia, Department of Computer Science, Charlottesville, VAView Profile Authors Info & Claims CHI '95: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsMay 1995 Pages 265–272https://doi.org/10.1145/223904.223938Published:01 May 1995Publication History 516citation5,098DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations516Total Downloads5,098Last 12 Months669Last 6 weeks88 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF

The Tailor project allows physically disabled users to provide real-time analog input to computer applications. We use a Polhemus tracking device and create a custom tailored mapping from each user's best range and type of motion into the analog control signal. The application is a simple video game based on Pong, where the analog input controls the position of the player's paddle. A group of able-bodied subjects was able to correctly hit the ball with the paddle 77% of the time, and a comparison group of children with Cerebral Palsy performed at the 50% level. More than half the disabled users were able to perform at a higher level than the worst able-bodied user.

In recent years, the computer science community has realized the advantages of GUIs (Graphical User Interfaces). Because high-quality GUIs are difficult to build, support tools such as UIMSs, UI Toolkits, and Interface Builders have been developed. Although these tools are powerful, they typically make two assumptions: first, that the programmer has some familiarity with the GUI model, and second, that he is willing to invest several weeks becoming proficient with the tool. These tools typically operate only on specific platforms, such as DOS, the Macintosh, or UNIX/X-windows. The existing tools are beyond the reach of most undergraduate computer science majors, or professional programmers who wish to quickly build GUIs without investing the time to become specialists in GUI design. For this class of users, we developed SUIT , the S imple U ser I interface T oolkit. SUIT is an attempt to distill the fundamental components of an interface builder and GUI toolkit, and to explain those concepts with the tool itself, all in a short period of time. We have measured that college juniors with no previous GUI programming experience can use SUIT productively after less than three hours. SUIT is a C subroutine library which provides an external control UIMS, an interactive layout editor, and a set of standard “widgets,” such as sliders, buttons, and check boxes. SUIT-based applications run transparently across the Macintosh, DOS, and UNIX/X platforms. SUIT has been exported to hundreds of external sites on the internet. This paper describes SUIT's architecture, the design decisions we made during its development, and the lessons we learned from extensive observations of over 120 users.