In text-to-image (T2I) generation applications, negative embeddings have proven to be a simple yet effective approach for enhancing generation quality. Typically, these negative embeddings are derived from user-defined negative prompts, which, while being functional, are not necessarily optimal. In this paper, we introduce ReNeg, an end-to-end method designed to learn improved Negative embeddings guided by a Reward model. We employ a reward feedback learning framework and integrate classifier-free guidance (CFG) into the training process, which was previously utilized only during inference, thus enabling the effec tive learning of negative embeddings. We also propose two strategies for learning both global and per-sample negative embeddings. Extensive experiments show that the learned negative embedding significantly outperforms null-text and handcrafted counterparts, achieving substantial improvements in human preference alignment. Additionally, the negative embedding learned within the same text embedding space exhibits strong generalization capabilities. For example, using the same CLIP text encoder, the negative embedding learned on SD1.5 can be seamlessly transferred to text-to-image or even text-to-video models such as ControlNet, ZeroScope, and VideoCrafter2, resulting in consistent performance improvements across the board. Code is available at https://github.com/AMD-AIG-AIMA/ReNeg.

Recent advances in 3D reconstruction techniques and vision-language models have fueled significant progress in 3D semantic understanding, a capability critical to robotics, autonomous driving, and virtual/augmented reality. However, methods that rely on 2D priors are prone to a critical challenge: cross-view semantic inconsistencies induced by occlusion, image blur, and view-dependent variations. These inconsistencies, when propagated via projection supervision, deteriorate the quality of 3D Gaussian semantic fields and introduce artifacts in the rendered outputs. To mitigate this limitation, we propose CCL-LGS, a novel framework that enforces view-consistent semantic supervision by integrating multi-view semantic cues. Specifically, our approach first employs a zero-shot tracker to align a set of SAM-generated 2D masks and reliably identify their corresponding categories. Next, we utilize CLIP to extract robust semantic encodings across views. Finally, our Contrastive Codebook Learning (CCL) module distills discriminative semantic features by enforcing intra-class compactness and inter-class distinctiveness. In contrast to previous methods that directly apply CLIP to imperfect masks, our framework explicitly resolves semantic conflicts while preserving category discriminability. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CCL-LGS outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods. Our project page is available at https://epsilontl.github.io/CCL-LGS/.

We propose MoBox, a low-cost solution for semi-supervised video object segmentation that requires only bounding boxes as manual annotations for training. Built upon a mature semi-supervised video object segmentation network, we redesign the training losses and employ a more stringent training strategy. Specifically, we introduce a well-designed constraint term that enhances traditional spatial projection by simultaneously leveraging the projections of both the ground-truth box and the predicted mask across two axes, rather than evaluating discrepancies along the x-axis and y-axis independently. To harness the intrinsic properties of videos, considering the underlying correspondence between motion represented by optical flow and the original image, we incorporate motion coherence information into the color consistency loss as supplementary information and propose a motion discrepancy loss to obtain accurate boundaries. Additionally, to mitigate the ambiguity of weak supervision, we further introduce the pseudo strict constraint during training, which significantly improves model performance. Our approach yields competitive scores on popular benchmarks, achieving a$\mathcal {J}\& \mathcal {F}$score of 78.6 on the DAVIS 2017 validation set and an Overall score of 78.0 on the YouTube-VOS 2018 validation set. These results highlight the efficacy of MoBox, demonstrating that the semi-supervised video object segmentation model can be effectively trained using only motion-augmented box supervision and intrinsic information of videos.

Recent advances in text-to-image models have opened new frontiers in human-centric generation. However, these models cannot be directly employed to generate images with consistent newly coined identities. In this work, we propose CharacterFactory, a framework that allows sampling new characters with consistent identities in the latent space of GANs for diffusion models. More specifically, we consider the word embeddings of celeb names as ground truths for the identity-consistent generation task and train a GAN model to learn the mapping from a latent space to the celeb embedding space. In addition, we design a context-consistent loss to ensure that the generated identity embeddings can produce identity-consistent images in various contexts. Remarkably, the whole model only takes 10 minutes for training, and can sample infinite characters end-to-end during inference. Extensive experiments demonstrate excellent performance of the proposed CharacterFactory on character creation in terms of identity consistency and editability. Furthermore, the generated characters can be seamlessly combined with the off-the-shelf image/video/3D diffusion models. We believe that the proposed CharacterFactory is an important step for identity-consistent character generation. Code and Gradio demo are available at: https://qinghew.github.io/CharacterFactory/.

Recent advances in large pretrained text-to-image generation models have shown unprecedented capabilities for high-quality human-centric generation, however, customizing face identity is still an intractable problem. Existing methods cannot ensure stable identity preservation and flexible editability, even with several images for each subject during training. In this work, we propose StableIdentity, which allows identity-consistent recontextualization with just one face image from a person seen for the first time. More specifically, we employ a face encoder with the identity prior to encode the input face, and then calibrate the face representation to align the distribution of a space with the editability prior, which is constructed from celeb names. By incorporating identity prior and editability prior, the learned identity can be injected anywhere with various contexts. In addition, we design a masked two-phase diffusion loss to boost the pixel-level perception of the input face and maintain the diversity of generation. Extensive experiments demonstrate our method outperforms previous customization methods. In addition, the learned identity can be flexibly combined with the off-theshelf modules such as ControlNet. Notably, to the best of our knowledge, we are the first to directly inject the identity learned from a single image into video/3D generation without finetuning. We believe that the proposed StableIdentity is an important step to unify image, video, and 3D customized generation models. The code is available: https://github.com/qinghew/StableIdentity.

Subject-driven image generation, aimed at customizing user-specified subjects, has experienced rapid progress. However, most of them focus on transferring the customized appearance of subjects. In this work, we consider a novel concept customization task, that is, capturing the interaction between subjects in exemplar images and transferring the learned concept of interaction to achieve customized text-to-image generation. Intrinsically, the interaction between subjects is diverse and is difficult to describe in only a few words. In addition, typical exemplar images are about the interaction between humans, which further intensifies the challenge of interaction-driven image generation with various categories of subjects. To address this task, we adopt a divide-and-conquer strategy and propose a two-stage interaction inversion framework. The framework begins by learning a pseudo-word for a single pose of each subject in the interaction. This is then employed to promote the learning of the concept for the interaction. In addition, language prior and cross-attention loss are incorporated into the optimization process to encourage the modeling of interaction. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed methods are able to effectively invert the interactive pose from exemplar images and apply it to the customized generation with user-specified interaction.

Existing pretrained text-to-video (T2V) models have demonstrated impressive abilities in generating realistic videos with basic motion or camera movement. However, these models exhibit significant limitations when generating intricate, human-centric motions. Current efforts primarily focus on fine-tuning models on a small set of videos containing a specific motion. They often fail to effectively decouple motion and the appearance in the limited reference videos, thereby weakening the modeling capability of motion patterns. To this end, we propose MoTrans, a customized motion transfer method enabling video generation of similar motion in new context. Specifically, we introduce a multimodal large language model (MLLM)-based recaptioner to expand the initial prompt to focus more on appearance and an appearance injection module to adapt appearance prior from video frames to the motion modeling process. These complementary multimodal representations from recaptioned prompt and video frames promote the modeling of appearance and facilitate the decoupling of appearance and motion. In addition, we devise a motion-specific embedding for further enhancing the modeling of the specific motion. Experimental results demonstrate that our method effectively learns specific motion pattern from singular or multiple reference videos, performing favorably against existing methods in customized video generation.

Constructing high-quality character image datasets is challenging because real-world images are often affected by image degradation. There are limitations when applying current image restoration methods to such real-world character images, since (i) the categories of noise in character images are different from those in general images; (ii) real-world character images usually contain more complex image degradation, e.g., mixed noise at different noise levels. To address these problems, we propose a real-world character restoration network (RCRN) to effectively restore degraded character images, where character skeleton information and scale-ensemble feature extraction are utilized to obtain better restoration performance. The proposed method consists of a skeleton extractor (SENet) and a character image restorer (CiRNet). SENet aims to preserve the structural consistency of the character and normalize complex noise. Then, CiRNet reconstructs clean images from degraded character images and their skeletons. Due to the lack of benchmarks for real-world character image restoration, we constructed a dataset containing 1,606 character images with real-world degradation to evaluate the validity of the proposed method. The experimental results demonstrate that RCRN outperforms state-of-the-art methods quantitatively and qualitatively.

Few-shot classification aims at recognizing novel categories from low data regimes based on prior knowledge. However, the existing methods for few-shot scene classification have limitations on using few annotated data and do not fully consider the intra-class samples with classification targets in different sizes, which lead to poor feature representation. To address these problems, this study introduces an end-to-end framework called self-supervised contrastive learning-based metric learning network (SCL-MLNet) for few-shot remote sensing (RS) scene classification. On one hand, we weave self-supervised contrastive learning into few-shot classification algorithms through multi-task learning, enabling feature extractors to learn representative image features from few annotated samples. Moreover, we devise a new loss function to train the proposed model end-to-end and speed up the convergence of the model. On the other hand, considering the differences between intra-class samples, we introduce a novel attention module embedded in the feature extractor to fuse multi-scale spatial features from the classification targets in different sizes. In our experiments, SCL-MLNet is evaluated on three public benchmark datasets. The results demonstrate that SCL-MLNet achieves state-of-the-art performance for few-shot remote sensing scene classification.