SUMMARY: The biological function of proteins is often driven by "invisible" excited states-transient, low-population conformations that remain undetectable by conventional structural methods. Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for characterizing these states; however, the complexity of data analysis and the computational cost of numerical fitting have hindered its widespread adoption. To address these challenges, we present ONEST (Optimized Novel Exchange Saturation Transfer), a user-friendly web server designed to automate and accelerate CEST analysis. ONEST utilizes a simultaneous multi-field fitting algorithm that leverages exact analytical solutions for two-state exchange (Baldwin model) rather than computationally intensive numerical integration. This approach incorporates a rigorous correction for radio-frequency (RF) field inhomogeneity and resolves parameter degeneracy by jointly fitting datasets acquired at distinct RF field strengths. Validation against synthetic datasets yielded reduced c2 values near unity (∼1.05), confirming that the analytical approach recovers kinetic parameters with accuracy comparable to full Bloch-McConnell simulations but at a fraction of the computational cost. Furthermore, application to the anti-HIV lectin OAA successfully characterized slow conformational exchange (kex = 279 s-1) involving a minor population of 3%. By streamlining the extraction of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, ONEST significantly lowers the technical barrier to entry, enabling a broader range of researchers to investigate protein dynamics at atomic resolution. CONTACT: [email protected]. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: ONEST is available through the web server at http://onest.ai.kr.

This paper presents design of the low power RF transceiver [1] which is suitable for wireless sensor network. Using 5.8GHz band has potentiality to achieve small size wireless sensor module because of smaller antenna in higher frequency. The proposed transceiver utilizes different modulation schemes for uplink and downlink to optimize power consumption and spectral efficiency. In addition, supply voltage of 0.5V can reduce the power consumption of overall RF transceiver. The prototype transceiver was fabricated in 65nm CMOS process, and the transmitter achieved EVM of 12.6% while consuming 2.86mW, and the receiver realizes sensitivity of -75dBm while consuming 0.83mW.

This paper presents a low-power RF-CMOS-transceiver IC-module with small antennas on a printed circuit board (PCB). Active mixer-first architecture is employed on a receiver for achieving both acceptable sensitivity and lower power. We also show strategies for lowering power consumption of the transmitter and the phase locked loop (PLL): a high-gain inverter-based resonant-driver and a current-reuse voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). Power saving of the RF circuits is achieved with low supply-voltage design under 0.5V by exploiting forward body bias technique. The use of 5.5-GHz band and a J-shaped folded monopole antennas (JFMA) on the PCB enable to reduce the module footprint, and the module size of 0.78 cc is realized. The proposed transceiver circuit is fabricated in 65 nm CMOS process technology and is mounted on the PCB. 5.5-GHz RF-transceiver operation is succeeded with small power consumption of 1.56 mW under 0.5-V power supply. Output signal-power of the transmitter is −23.2 dBm, and receiver sensitivity is −61.2 dBm.

This paper proposes an ultra-low-power 5.5-GHz PLL which employs a divide-by-4 injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD), which is calibrated by digital circuits, and linearity-compensated varactors for low supply-voltage operation. The proposed PLL was fabricated in 65nm CMOS. It shows a 1-MHz-offset phase noise of -106 dBc/Hz and the total power consumption of 950μW at 5.5 GHz.