This paper presents the implementation and validation of an IoT-based PQ sensor within a bidirectional IPT system for EV charging. The IPT architecture includes a full power stage with resonant compensation. It also incorporates bidirectional converters and a realistic control platform that operates under grid-interactive conditions. A low-cost, high-resolution sensor is integrated into the system. This sensor is based on the MCP3914 ADC and an ESP32 SoC. It is used to monitor DC voltage and current at both the Ground Assembly (GA) side and the battery side. While the hardware is capable of measuring AC signals, this study focuses only on DC signal acquisition. The results demonstrate the performance of the IoT sensor during G2V and V2G tests, accurately capturing all the measurement steps imposed on the IPT system.

This paper proposes a control scheme for the current injected by an Active Power Filter (APF) that has an LCL filter at its output. The proposed structure relies in a Two-Degrees-of-Freedom (2DOF) controller in which resonant terms are included. The 2DOF scheme follows the current reference at the fundamental frequency of the grid and damps the resonance phenomenon of the LCL filter, whereas the resonant regulators allow a proper tracking of the harmonics. This is achieved with only the measurement of the current injected by the APF into the grid, without the need for additional measurements or observers. In order to assess the performance of the controllers, a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) emulation has been carried out. The results show a good time response, allowing the compensation of current disturbances at both the fundamental frequency and its harmonics.

This paper studies the design of a control scheme for battery chargers based on inductive power transfer (IPT) systems for electric vehicles. Unlike other works, the proposed method employs a battery rather than an equivalent resistance as a load, and considers that the charge of the battery is carried out by means of a Buck converter fed by a current source. A series-series compensation scheme is used for the IPT system, which is driven by a constant input voltage and operates in square waveform mode. The control law is tailored by taking these features into account, and comprehensive simulation results show that this control scheme is able to regulate the charge current of the battery effectively for a wide range of currents.

This paper presents the design for the control scheme of a three-level three-phase neutral-point-clamped quasi-Z-Source inverter which employs an LCL filter for the connection to the grid. A state-feedback based control is developed so as to attain a fully decoupled control of the active and reactive power exchanged with the grid. In addition, a PI regulator is tailored in order to control the dc-link voltage of the inverter. The complete control strategy, along with the inherent capabilities of the quasi- Z-Source inverters, signifies that this kind of power converters is suitable for renewable energy source applications.

This paper presents a small-scale hybrid energy storage system (HESS) that combines ultracapacitors and lead-acid batteries. It also comprises a controllable DC power source and a power resistor, as well as the bidirectional DC-DC converters to interface the different elements with a common DC bus. The system is designed for performance analysis, modeling and control validation purposes. The design of the inner control loop current controllers is presented, allowing the validation of energy management solutions that will dictate the power references to these controllers.

Active power filters are key elements in both the removal of harmonic components caused by different loads and the maintenance of the power quality. Algorithms which extract the various harmonics from the waveform are therefore needed to generate the references for the active power filters. These algorithms normally extract the sum of all the undesired harmonics. Nevertheless, if it is necessary to compensate certain harmonics or if the individual information of each harmonic component is required, these algorithms are not valid. This work proposes the simultaneous estimation of the amplitudes of various harmonics by taking frequency deviations into consideration. The proposed algorithm uses robust discrete notch filters and approximately estimates the amplitudes of the harmonics in one cycle of the fundamental period.

High penetration levels of distributed photovoltaic inverters on electrical distribution grids and due to the main points demanded in the latest issues of grid codes such as the reactive power injection during transient grid faults (voltage sags) and their disconnection in order to avoid the islanding phenomena, a suitable control algorithm combination is needed to provide an optimum operation at the electrical grids where they are connected, improving the power quality and the power supply continuity. This paper is devoted to the comparison through simulation of two power flow control strategies for 100 kW photovoltaic inverters in order to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each one. The first one is based on the modulation index and the disphase controls of the reference signal face to the point of common coupling voltage. The second one is based on a synchronous reference frame with the voltage at the point of common coupling using idand iqcurrent component controllers.

This paper proposes a new method for effective control of single link flexible manipulators. Dynamic models of these arms are complex because their mass is distributed along the link. Then control systems of these arms are usually complicate because they include complex observers, or some kind of inversion of these high order dynamics. We propose here a simple controller for these arms, based on a relatively new control technique called repetitive control. In order to apply this technique here, the dynamics of the arm has to be modified in such way that all the vibration modes have to be multiple of a basic frequency. This can be easily achieved by attaching some small masses at some points of the link. After repetitive control may be applied. The resulting controller is very simple, it is easy to tune, and only needs feedback of two signals: motor angle and torque measured by a strain gauge placed on the base of the arm. Simulations carried on a standard flexible arm show the effectiveness of our method.