Abstract The projection of fifth‐generation (5G) fractal antennas and their advantageous geometry are examined. The fact that fractal‐shaped antennas based on Koch Snowflake geometry are suitable for higher frequencies was shown above all. By the instrumentality of this technology, which aims to serve a large number of subscribers by implementing revolutionary devices (e.g. Massive MIMO, beam‐forming, high‐performance processors, etc.), it is possible to obtain multiple facilities. Fractal geometrics forms have been made using fractalKoch function from MATLAB R2018b, having as initial characteristic the series of successful repetitions. 2D and 3D characteristics of directivity at the values of 455, 465, 755.5 and 789.5 MHz (designed antennas), for two, three respectively four iterations of Koch's Snowflake fractals have been highlighted. We mention that all the software and programs developed for the fractal antennas design obtained in this paper are new and genuine.

In this paper, we introduce a new formal modeling language that enriches the ground Abstract State Machine (ASM) formalism with the notion of time. Our temporal language is part of a larger HiTAsm language that also features hierarchical abstractions and is custom tailored for WCET analysis. The main differences with other ASM time languages is that HiTAsm correctness is proved using the same ASM metalanguage in which it is later integrated. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the time in the HiTAsm and to prove its correctness.