Automatic printed circuit board (PCB) routing is essential to handle modern PCB designs with fast-growing problem sizes and complicated design constraints. Previous PCB routing studies have two major limitations: they consider uniform wire widths and keep-out distances (clearance rules) across all elements within the same layer. However, in modern PCB design, the mixed layout of high-current power wires and signal wires makes vastly different wire widths and complex clearance conditions issues that need to be addressed. Besides, irregular component shapes and special requirements for power loops impose more challenges. This paper presents a new PCB routing algorithm based on A*-search to handle these issues effectively. A frontier-checking method is proposed to efficiently verify whether the grid violates the complex clearance rules of any wire widths during routing. Besides, we propose a scheme to divide multi-pin nets in order to reduce the total wire length while effectively handling power-related constraints. Experimental results show that our routing algorithm significantly outperforms a state-of-the-art PCB router in terms of routability, total wire length, and runtime. Moreover, our algorithm achieves human-level performance and significantly outperforms Altium on the industrial benchmark.

In recent years, makeup transfer methods have shown satisfactory performance on reference images without shadows but struggle with those containing shadows. These methods often mistakenly include shadows as part of the makeup style, leading to poor results. To address this, we propose a shadow-aware makeup transfer approach. This method utilizes facial symmetry by flipping the face features and replacing shadowed areas with shadow-free makeup features. Additionally, we introduce a module to predict shadow maps, guiding makeup transfer from non-shadowed areas in the reference images. We also present a lighting-aware Pseudo Ground Truth (PGT) generator that evaluates shadow presence and lighting quality on the reference face, ensuring high-quality PGT. Experimental results demonstrate our method’s effectiveness in shadow removal and its ability to produce visually pleasing results.