Augmented Reality (AR) can enhance accessibility by anchoring virtual windows to the user's body. Among common approaches, head-following windows help maintain floating virtual windows within the user's field of view. Previous studies have actively explored this new design space to improve user experience and efficiency. In contrast, this study focuses on the perceived resistance of head-following windows in AR, despite their lack of physical mass. We conducted a within-subject experiment with 24 participants, manipulating Follow-Up Delay, Window Size, and UI Type. We measured subjective resistance ratings, NASA-TLX (Raw TLX Scores), and the gaze-head angular offset. The results showed that both a certain level of Follow-Up Delay and the Tag-Along elicited significantly stronger perceived resistance as well as task load. Although Window Size alone did not show a significant effect on resistance ratings, we observed an interaction between the size and UI Type. These findings extend existing pseudo-haptics research by revealing the previously unexplored domain of resistance in head-based interactions with head-following virtual windows. We further provide design implications for head-following windows in AR.

Mediated reality, where augmented reality (AR) and diminished reality (DR) meet, enables visual modifications to real-world objects. A physical object with a mediated reality visual change retains its original physical properties. However, it is perceived differently from the original when interacted with. We present such a mediated reality object, a stick with different lengths or a stick with a missing portion in the middle, to investigate how users perceive its weight and center of gravity. We conducted two user studies ($N=10$N=10), each of which consisted of two substudies. We found that the length of mediated reality sticks influences the perceived weight. A longer stick is perceived as lighter, and vice versa. The stick with a missing portion tends to be recognized as one continuous stick. Thus, its weight and center of gravity (COG) remain the same. We formulated the relationship between inertia based on the reported COG and perceived weight in the context of dynamic touch.

Augmented reality (AR) allows us to wear virtual displays that are registered to our bodies and devices. Such virtually extendable displays, or AR extended displays (AREDs), provide personal display space and are free from physical restrictions. Existing work has explored the new design space to improve user experience and efficiency. Contrary to this direction, we focus on the weight that the user perceives from AREDs, even though they are virtual and have no physical weight. Our user study results show evidence that AREDs can be a source of pseudo-weight, in addition to that of a handheld physical display device. We also systematically evaluate the perceived weight changes depending on the layout and delay in the visualization system. These findings are similar to those in existing pseudo-haptics research. However, we found such behavior in pseudo-weight for a real device and virtual visual stimuli in the air, which differentiates our research from previous work.

We can use augmented reality (AR) and diminished reality (DR) in combination, in practice. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no research on the validation of the cross-modal effects in AR and DR. Our research interest here is to investigate how this continuous visual changes between AR and DR would change our weight sensation of an object. In this paper, we built a system that can continuously extend and reduce the amount of visual entity of real objects using AR and DR renderings to confirm that users can perceive things heavier and lighter than they actually are in the same manner as SWI. Different from the existing research where either AR or DR visual effects were used, we validated one of cross-modal effects in the context of both continuous AR and DR visuo-haptic. Regarding the weight sensation, we found that such cross-modal effect can be approximated with a continuous linear relationship between the weight and length of real objects. Our experimental results suggested that the weight sensation is closely related to the positions of the center of gravity (CoG) and perceived CoG positions lie within the object's entity under the examined conditions.

In Mixed-Realty (MR) space, the visual appearance (shape, texture, etc.) of a real object can be changed by superimposing a virtual object on it. Therefore, by creating systematic differences between visual and haptic perceptions using MR technology, we can analyze their influence on temperature perception. In our research group, we defined the changes in the visual information of a real object in MR space as “MR visual stimulation” and examine the influence of the haptic sense using MR visual stimulation [1]. For our research, we focused on the temperature perception of the skin. In the first step, we verified the influence presenting MR visual stimulation has on the perceived position of the temperature perception. In the experiment, we presented MR visual stimulation and temperature stimulation in different positions. We confirmed the influence this difference has on the temperature perceived position. Our results demonstrate that temperature perception is strongly affected by visual stimulation.