Lacus Mortis has been clarified as the landing site of the Astrobotic Mission One lander mission. In this work, the Chang’E-2 microwave radiometer data was first introduced to evaluate thermophysical features of surface deposits in Lacus Mortis. Several findings are noted as follows. (1) Microwave radiometer data shows abnormal thermophysical parameters existing in shallow layer of mare surface. (2) In crater unit, a strong relationship between microwave performances and other parameters including rock abundance and elevation is shown.

Sinus Medii has various geological features, and its location in the central part of the lunar nearside is ideal for calibrating ground-based lunar observation instruments. In this work, the Chang’E-2 (CE-2) microwave radiometer (MRM) data were used to evaluate the microwave thermal properties of the surface deposits in Sinus Medii combined with the previous geological results based on optical data. The findings are as follows: (1) a lunar calibration site (4.98°W, 3.02°N) is found where the TB performances show a good agreement with the compositions of the surface deposits, (2) a TB anomaly (0.24°W, 0.76°N) was found which may be related to high rock abundance in a crater, and (3) a possible cryptomare is revealed in the light plain southeast of Sinus Medii. This study of the microwave thermal properties in Sinus Medii helps search for calibration sites for ground-based observation instruments.

Mare Smythii is a special basin, which is one of the oldest mare basins with the considerably young mare basalts and the high density of floor-fractured craters. In this paper, the Chang’E-2 (CE) lunar microwave radiometer (MRM) data was used to evaluate the thermophysical features of the floor deposits in mare Smythii. Based on the theoretical simulation and the previous geological results, several special findings are noted as follows. (1) The substrate temperature in mare Smythii is likely fairly high. (2) The regolith thermophysical parameters change greatly with depth in the northeast unit, and there probably exists a special material in the shallow layer of the lunar regolith with strong thermal absorption ability. These special findings will be of fundamental significance to improve understanding the thermal evolution of the Moon.

In this study, two special thermal behaviors are discovered and identified with the brightness temperature (TB) derived from Chang'e-2 MRM data. First, there exists a 37-GHz TB at noon, which is not related to the topography. Second, there exists a low 3.0-GHz TB anomaly. After comparison the distribution pattern and the correlation coefficients between the rock abundance, or FeO and$\text{TiO}_{2}$abundances, we ascribe the special thermal behaviors to be a composition-related TB anomaly, which likely reflects the heterogeneity of the lunar crust in vertical direction.

Studying Tsiolkovskiy crater with mare basalt in the floor helps to better understand the volcanic evolution and geological events on the lunar far side. In this work, the thermal behaviors of the surface materials in Tsiolkovskiy are evlated with the microwave radiometer data from Chang'e-2 satellite. The main results are as follows. (1) The thermal behaviors in the central peak coincide with those of rocks. (2) A small patch with higher substrate temperature is discovered in the southwestern part of crater floor with basaltic material. (3) The difference between the eastern and western half of Tsiolkovskiy crater is pointed out according to the brightness temperature behaviors.

The cause of the hot anomaly is one of the important scientific aims of the current lunar studies. In this study, aimed at a rock-related hot anomaly revealed by the Diviner thermal infrared data, the brightness temperature (TB) derived from the Chang'e-2 microwave sounder (CELMS) data is employed to evaluate its thermophysical features of the regolith. According to the TB performances, the ilmenite-rich material is identified in the region. Thus, we denied the rock influence and ascribed the region as a potential cryptomare. This study provides a new way to evaluate the thermophysical features of the lunar regolith with the CELMS data.

Mare Nubium is one of the most ancient circular impact basins on the Moon with the lava flow units ranging from Imbrian to Eratosthenian. In this paper, the China Chang'E-2 lunar microwave radiometer data are employed to evaluate the basaltic units of the Mare Nubium. The results indicate that the relationship between the brightness temperature difference (dTB) performances and the basaltic units is rather weak. Moreover, the low dTB anomaly in the middle-western part is interpreted as the floor deposits produced during the formation of Mare Nubium.