In this paper, we analyze and quantify functional value streams of energy storage under different forms (state in which energy is stored) and network location (e.g., transmission or distribution sides). First, we consider a transmission-connected thermal form of storage coupled with concentrating solar power. Using the California power grid as a case study, we show that the coupled unit is significantly less volatile in its response and, through its load following, day-ahead dispatching, and regulation capabilities, it produces significant cost savings. Another case study examines the value of the electrical form of storage in a distribution network and in coupling with photovoltaics. The energy storage is used to mitigate component overloads and to reduce the subsequent infrastructure investments, and smooth out the intermittency of renewable generation. Storage value is quantified formally and under optimal control configuration of storage charge and discharging. Finally, a case study is constructed to examine the functional value of substation-sited storage with respect to investment deferral for the substation transformer.

Power distribution systems are now integrating Smart Grid technologies allowing for widespread implementation of demand response and direct load control. This paper will present a service restoration problem formulation and solution algorithm for power distribution systems which incorporates load curtailment. A ranking based heuristic search algorithm is proposed which prioritizes the multi-objective service restoration problem and returns a new system configuration and load curtailment scheme to restore power to out-of-service customers following fault isolation. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the mechanics of the proposed algorithm.

With the continued push toward dispersed generation and distributed intelligent devices throughout the distribution system, a proper analysis method for understanding the operation of the evolving overall system is required. This work aims to demonstrate a method for distribution system power flow studies in a remotely distributed environment. The method involves distributing the simulation of a power system across physically remote sites through the creation of a network of stand-alone power system simulations. To gain knowledge of larger system behavior, these simulations share measurement information and locally calculated results via the Internet. A software implementation of the proposed method will be presented along with results from a 97 bus test distribution system