Abstract This publication presents a solution approach to oncological aftercare for cancer patients by means of artificial intelligence (AI) methods. This approach shall support patients in overcoming the after-effects of therapy effectively with suitable supportive actions and health-care professionals in goal-oriented planning of these actions. Different AI methods are used for analyzing patients’ needs for supportive actions depending on the available health data and for a monitoring of these actions. Decision support methods are used for effective planning of actions based on the AI results of analysis. The solution approach is realized in the form of a web application for health-care professionals, which allows for data analysis and planning of actions, and a mobile application for patients, which facilitates documentation and monitoring of supportive actions. In combination, they facilitate a closed-loop workflow for the effective cooperation of health-care professionals and cancer patients. The solution approach is illustrated for an exemplary case scenario of colorectal cancer.

Photonic circuits pave the way to ultrafast computing and real-time inference of applications with paramount importance, such as imaging flow cytometry (IFC). However, current implementations exhibit inherent restrictions that consequently diminish the neural networks (NNs) complexity that can be supported.

The implications of frailty in older adults' health status and autonomy necessitates the understanding and effective management of this widespread condition as a priority for modern societies. Despite its importance, we still stand far from early detection, effective management and prevention of frailty. One of the most important reasons for this is the lack of sensitive instruments able to early identify frailty and pre-frailty conditions. The FrailSafe system provides a novel approach to this complex, medical, social and public health problem. It aspires to identify the most important components of frailty, construct cumulative metrics serving as biomarkers, and apply this knowledge and expertise for self-management and prevention. This paper presents a high-level overview of the FrailSafe system architecture providing details on the monitoring sensors and devices, the software front-ends for the interaction of the users with the system, as well as the back-end part including the data analysis and decision support modules. Data storage, remote processing and security issues are also discussed. The evaluation of the system by older individuals from 3 different countries highlighted the potential of frailty prediction strategies based on information and communication technology (ICT).

The exponentially increasing volumes of health data of different types is a challenge for reaching robust conclusions. The Health Vision platform overcomes this issue by providing advanced and multi-scaling data analysis and visualisation. The platform functions through user defined workflows, each organised into four distinct layers: 1. Raw Data, 2. Data Analytics, 3. Decision Support and 4. Data visualisation. In the Raw Data Layer, data from medical records, healthcare platforms, smart homes, monitoring sensors, and medical devices, clinical features from Electronic Health Records (EHRs), etc. can be considered, while the Data Analytics Layer provides data analysis services for data mining. The Decision Support Layer facilitates the selection of appropriate visualisation methods taking into consideration the specifications of the raw data and the output of the data analysis. Finally, the Data visualisation Layer provides intelligent visualisation methodology in order for the user to interact with the data and gain meaningful results. Visualisation is supported by a reactive workflow mechanism, allowing the composition of analysis and visualisation services in a custom application-specific data flow. We demonstrate and evaluate this novel approach in several use cases, where different types of data are involved, including: Clustering of Sjögren's syndrome patients, visualisation of Parkinson's disease patients, mutation association analysis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia patients, behavioral analysis of asthma patients and clinical analysis based on clinical similarities of older adults.

Visual analytics have an important role in the exploration and analysis of large amounts of data in IoT applications. Data visualizations can provide overviews of different aspects of data and user interaction can assist exploration. Recent advances in machine learning and Artificial Intelligence have provided methods that can be used in conjunction with visual analytics to enhance user perception. However, AI methods are often used as "black boxes", making them difficult for end-users to trust. In this paper, a novel visual analytics platform is presented, targeting two goals: a) an architecture for the creation of custom interactive visual analytics dashboards using well-defined components linked to each other, and b) the inclusion of components specifically for making AI methods more explainable. The proposed architecture and components are being used in the context of the AI4IoT pilot within the AI4EU project, which targets air quality monitoring through AI and visualization.

Sensor-based quantitative assessment of frailty in older adults usually requires expensive wearables or ambient sensors. However, low cost activity tracking systems can be effective in discriminating frailty characteristics. In this work, a system for assessment of the frailty of older people is presented, based on the analysis of data describing the daily in-house activity. More specifically, room-to-room movements are recorded using a set of Bluetooth beacons, located in fixed positions inside each room. A smartphone is used to locate the timestamps of room transitions, and these are used to calculate the time spent in each room, thus generating the time intervals signal. Then, several features depicting the in-house mobility are extracted from each signal and are evaluated, in terms of correlation with the subject's frailty status. Furthermore, the features are used to train a classifier for frailty assessment. Two approaches are evaluated, with different number of levels of frailty, and the results indicate that this procedure can lead to reliable older people frailty assessments, especially when two levels of frailty are considered.

BACKGROUND: Although the etiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common type of adult leukemia, is still unclear, strong evidence implicates antigen involvement in disease ontogeny and evolution. Primary and 3D structure analysis has been utilised in order to discover indications of antigenic pressure. The latter has been mostly based on the 3D models of the clonotypic B cell receptor immunoglobulin (BcR IG) amino acid sequences. Therefore, their accuracy is directly dependent on the quality of the model construction algorithms and the specific methods used to compare the ensuing models. Thus far, reliable and robust methods that can group the IG 3D models based on their structural characteristics are missing. RESULTS: Here we propose a novel method for clustering a set of proteins based on their 3D structure focusing on 3D structures of BcR IG from a large series of patients with CLL. The method combines techniques from the areas of bioinformatics, 3D object recognition and machine learning. The clustering procedure is based on the extraction of 3D descriptors, encoding various properties of the local and global geometrical structure of the proteins. The descriptors are extracted from aligned pairs of proteins. A combination of individual 3D descriptors is also used as an additional method. The comparison of the automatically generated clusters to manual annotation by experts shows an increased accuracy when using the 3D descriptors compared to plain bioinformatics-based comparison. The accuracy is increased even more when using the combination of 3D descriptors. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental results verify that the use of 3D descriptors commonly used for 3D object recognition can be effectively applied to distinguishing structural differences of proteins. The proposed approach can be applied to provide hints for the existence of structural groups in a large set of unannotated BcR IG protein files in both CLL and, by logical extension, other contexts where it is relevant to characterize BcR IG structural similarity. The method does not present any limitations in application and can be extended to other types of proteins.

The reduction of road congestion requires intuitive urban congestion-control platforms that can facilitate transport stakeholders in decision making. Interactive ITS visual analytics tools can be of significant assistance, through their real-time interactive visualizations, supported by advanced data analysis algorithms. In this paper, an interactive visual analytics platform is introduced that allows the exploration of historical data and the prediction of future traffic through a unified interactive interface. The platform is backed by several data analysis techniques, such as road behavioral visualization and clustering, anomaly detection, and traffic prediction, allowing the exploration of behavioral similarities between roads, the visual detection of unusual events, the testing of hypotheses, and the prediction of traffic flow after hypothetical incidents imposed by the human operator. The accuracy of the prediction algorithms is verified through benchmark comparisons, while the applicability of the proposed toolkit in facilitating decision making is demonstrated in a variety of use case scenarios, using real traffic and incident data sets.

Complex multimedia data handling is as a hugechallenge for the computer science community. Social networks, manufacturing, retail, national and cyber-security, medicine, computational biology, etc. are related to a variety of heterogeneousimages and videos that create unique methodologicalchallenges. Data complexity arising from these large-scale applicationsseek for high-performance processing to obtain datainsights. Dimensionality reduction techniques reveal a managementexcellence towards multimedia data manipulation. Manydimensionality reduction techniques can be described within theframework of graph embedding, where a neighborhood graph isconstructed from the data, in order to reveal their structure. Existingtechniques usually handle only a single data representation, so-called modality, resulting in a single neighborhood graph. However, data often are multimodal, i.e. the same semantic conceptis described by various diverse representations. In the contextof graph embedding, the multiple modalities can be representedas multiple neighborhood graphs among the data. In this paper, an extension of the graph embedding framework is presented, where a multimodal graph is constructed as a weighted sumof the multiple unimodal graphs. Different from other methods, the weights of this sum are adaptively calculated as the solutionto an optimization problem, where an introduced measure ofgraph consistency, based on a rational assumption regardingthe similarities between objects, is optimized. The experimentalresults of the comparison of the proposed Multimodal GraphEmbedding (MGE) dimensionality reduction method to existingwork prove that this adaptive weighting scheme leads to superiorperformance in a number of experimental settings and datasets.

Traditional multimedia search engines retrieve results based mostly on the query submitted by the user, or using a log of previous searches to provide personalized results, while not considering the accessibility of the results for users with vision or other types of impairments. In this paper, a novel approach is presented which incorporates the accessibility of images for users with various vision impairments, such as color blindness, cataract and glaucoma, in order to rerank the results of an image search engine. The accessibility of individual images is measured through the use of vision simulation filters. Multi-objective optimization techniques utilizing the image accessibility scores are used to handle users with multiple vision impairments, while the impairment profile of a specific user is used to select one from the Pareto-optimal solutions. The proposed approach has been tested with two image datasets, using both simulated and real impaired users, and the results verify its applicability. Although the proposed method has been used for vision accessibility-based reranking, it can also be extended for other types of personalization context.

Using data visualization techniques can be of significant assistance in exploring multimedia databases. Data visualization is typically addressed as a unimodal learning task, where data are described with only one feature set, or modality. However, using multiple data modalities has been proved to increase the performance of learning methods. In this paper a novel approach for exploiting the multiple available modalities for visualization is proposed, motivated by the field of multi-objective optimization. Initially, each modality is considered separately. A graph of the dissimilarities among the data and the corresponding minimum spanning tree are formed. The suitability of a particular data placement is quantified using multiple cost functions, one for each modality. The utilized cost functions are defined in terms of graph aesthetic measures, computed for the unimodal minimum spanning trees. The cost functions are then used as the multiple objectives of a multi-objective optimization problem. Solving the problem results in a set of Pareto optimal placements, which represent different trade-offs among the various objectives. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed method outperforms current multimodal visualization methods both in discovering more visualizations and in producing ones which are more aesthetically pleasing and easily perceivable.