We present a novel signal processing methodology to determine the direction and the strength of coupling between coupled nonlinear systems. The methodology is based on multivariate local linear prediction in the reconstructed state spaces of the observed variables from each multivariable nonlinear system. Application of the method is illustrated with systems of coupled Rossler and Lorenz oscillators in various coupling configurations. The obtained results are compared with ones produced by the use of the directed transfer function, a model-based method in the time domain. Through a surrogate analysis, it is shown that the proposed method is more reliable than the directed transfer function in identifying the direction and strength of the involved interactions.

This paper traces the development of the broadcasting-satellite service (BSS) in India. It describes the key system test and demonstration experiments conducted in India prior to the development of an operational first-generation domestic satellite system. The BSS component of this system, the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT-1), has a character quite different from BSS or DBS developments elsewhere. The paper provides a general description of the INSAT-1 system, with particular reference to the services and the broad operational and technical features and characteristics of its BSS component.