Traditional charge-discharge methods for supercapacitors frequently lead to issues such as overcharging, overheating, and reduced efficiency, which negatively affect the performance and lifespan of supercapacitors. To address these problems, this paper proposes a design scheme of a smart charge-discharge control system for supercapacitors, which integrates the traditional constant current method, the constant voltage method, and the PID control algorithm, along with a high-efficiency boost discharge circuit. In the implementation, the STM32 microcontroller with the LM5106 chip, LTC1871 chip, and INA226 chip is employed to achieve intelligent charging, boost discharging, and real-time monitoring. Finally, experiments are carried out, and the results indicate that the proposed control system significantly improves the charge-discharge efficiency and optimizes energy utilization.

This paper studies an underwater inhalation-type cleaning robot designed to remove floating garbage. The dynamic model of the underwater cleaning robot is established to show the relationship between the speed of the propeller and the motion state, where the added mass and the viscous resistance coefficient during translational motion are obtained by the empirical formulas, and the added moment of inertia and the resistance moment coefficient are determined using Fluent software. Then a cascade PID motion control strategy with a position outer loop and a speed inner loop is proposed for this inhalation-type garbage cleaning robot to improve control performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the obtained results is demonstrated by simulations in MATLAB/Simulink.

This paper proposes a nonlinear feedback control for overhead cranes that offer satisfactory performance by taking advantages of only a composite output. Particularly, the construction of a barrier function keeps the composite output between predefined boundary values, which can enhance the safety of the system. Nonetheless, the controller with simple structure ensures the stabilization of the payload despite the presence of parametric uncertainties. To substantiate the stability proof, two analytical methodologies are employed: the Lyapunov technique and LaSalle’s invariance principle. The simulation evidences efficient positioning and oscillation elimination of the controller for various uncertain parameters, large initial errors and external disturbances, without tuning the gains of each term.