Low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks, being a promising component of non-terrestrial networks (NTN), are meant to provide seamless and ubiquitous global connectivity. However, the high mobility of the LEO satellites results in frequent handovers (HOs), poses significant challenges to maintaining service continuity due to the interruption time experienced during the HO execution phase, which is particularly critical for high reliability communications (HRC). In this aspect, 3GPP proposed the dual active protocol stack (DAPS) HO mechanism for terrestrial networks (TN), a soft HO approach that enables the user equipment (UE) to maintain the simultaneous connection between both the source and target gNBs during the HO execution phase, potentially achieving a zero handover interruption time (HIT). However, DAPS HO is still not supported for NTN in latest 3GPP Release 18, likely due to rapid orbital movement of satellites. Moreover, DAPS HO requires synchronization between source and target nodes during the handover process, a condition that is challenging to identify at all times. Inspired by this challenge, this paper proposes a network-controlled algorithm that enhances the feasibility of DAPS HO in LEO satellites network, thereby minimizing the HIT over a given observation period. The proposed algorithm employs a sequential decision-making process within a predefined window to make the decision on configuring the DAPS HO. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly reduces the HIT, achieving a 80.28% reduction as compared to baseline HO scheme.

The rapid growth of mobile video traffic and user demand poses a more stringent requirement for efficient bandwidth allocation in mobile networks where multiple users may share a bottleneck link. This provides content providers an opportunity to jointly optimize multiple users’ experiences but users often suffer short connection durations and frequent handoffs because of their high mobility. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end scheme, VSiM, for supporting mobile video streaming applications in heterogeneous wireless networks. The key idea is allocating bottleneck bandwidth among multiple users based on their mobility profiles and Quality of Experience (QoE)-related knowledge to achieve max-min QoE fairness. Besides, the QoE of buffer-sensitive clients is further improved by the novel server push strategy based on HTTP/3 protocol without affecting the existing bandwidth allocation approach or sacrificing other clients’ view quality. VSiM is lightweight and easy to deploy in the real world without touching the underlying network infrastructure. We evaluated VSiM experimentally in both simulations and a lab testbed on top of the HTTP/3 protocol. We find that the clients’ QoE fairness of VSiM achieves more than 40% improvement compared with state-of-the-art solutions, i.e., the viewing quality of clients in VSiM can be improved from 720p to 1080p in resolution. Meanwhile, VSiM provides about 20% improvement of average QoE.

The rapid growth of mobile video traffic and user demand poses a more stringent requirement for efficient bandwidth allocation in mobile networks where multiple users may share a bottleneck link. This provides content providers an opportunity to optimize multiple users’ experiences jointly, but users often suffer short connection durations and frequent handoffs because of their high mobility. This paper proposes an end-to-end scheme, VSiM, to support mobile video streaming applications in heterogeneous wireless networks. The key idea is allocating bottleneck bandwidth among multiple users based on their mobility profiles and Quality of Experience (QoE)-related knowledge to achieve max-min QoE fairness. Besides, the QoE of buffer-sensitive clients is further improved by the novel server push strategy based on HTTP/3 protocol without affecting the existing bandwidth allocation approach or sacrificing other clients’ view quality. We evaluated VSiM experimentally in both simulations and a lab testbed on top of the HTTP/3 protocol. We find that the clients’ QoE fairness of VSiM achieves more than 40% improvement compared with state-of-the-art solutions, i.e., the viewing quality of clients in VSiM can be improved from 720p to 1080p in resolution. Meanwhile, VSiM provides about 20% improvement on average of the averaged QoE.

Large private and government networks are often subjected to attacks like data extrusion and service disruption. Existing anomaly detection systems use offline supervised learning and employ experts for labeling. Hence they cannot detect anomalies in real-time. Even though unsupervised algorithms are increasingly used nowadays, they cannot readily adapt to newer threats. Moreover, many such systems also suffer from high cost of storage and require extensive computational resources. In this paper, we propose ADA: Adaptive Deep Log Anomaly Detector, an unsupervised online deep neural network framework that leverages LSTM networks and regularly adapts to newer log patterns to ensure accurate anomaly detection. In ADA, an adaptive model selection strategy is designed to choose pareto-optimal configurations and thereby utilize resources efficiently. Further, a dynamic threshold algorithm is proposed to dictate the optimal threshold based on recently detected events to improve the detection accuracy. We also use the predictions to guide storage of abnormal data and effectively reduce the overall storage cost. We compare ADA with state-of-the-art approaches through leveraging the Los Alamos National Laboratory cyber security dataset and show that ADA accurately detects anomalies with high F1-score ~95% and it is 97 times faster than existing approaches and incurs very low storage cost.

Content Centric Networking (CCN) and Named Data Networking (NDN) are popular ICN proposals that are widely accepted in the ICN community; however, they do not provide an efficient pub/sub mechanism. Hence, a content oriented pub/sub system named COPSS was developed to enhance the CCN/NDN protocols with efficient pub/sub capabilities. Internet houses powerful devices like routers and servers that can operate with the full-fledged implementation of such ICN protocols. However, Internet of Things (IoT) has become a growing topic of interest in recent years with billions of resource constrained devices expected to connect to the Internet in the near future. The current design to support IoT relies mainly on IP which has limited address space and hence cannot accommodate the increasing number of devices. Even though, IPv6 provides a large address space, IoT devices operate with constrained resources and hence, IPv6 protocol and its headers will induce additional overhead for their operation. Interestingly, we observed that IoTs are information centric in nature and therefore, ICN could be the more suitable candidate to support IoT environments. Although NDN and COPSS are designed for the Internet, their current full fledged implementations cannot be used by the resource constrained IoT devices. Therefore, CCN-lite was designed to provide a light weight, inter-operable version of the CCNx protocol to support the IoT devices. However, we show that communication in the IoT networks resemble pub/sub communication paradigm. However, CCN-lite like its ancestors (CCN/NDN) lacks the support for an efficient pub/sub mechanism while COPSS cannot be directly applied to the constrained IoT networks. Therefore, in this work, we develop COPSS-lite, an efficient and light weight implementation of pub/sub along with multi-hop routing to support the IoT networks. Essentially, COPSS-lite enhances CCN-lite with pub/sub capability with minimal overhead and further enables multi-hop connections by incorporating the famous RPL protocol for low power and lossy networks. Through evaluation using the real world sensor devices from the IoT Lab, we demonstrate the benefits of COPSS-lite in comparison with stand alone CCN-lite. Our results show that COPSS-lite is compact, operates on all platforms that support CCN-lite and significantly improves the performance of constrained devices in the IoT environments.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a growing topic of interest. Billions of IoT devices are expected to connect to the Internet in the near future. These devices differ from the traditional devices operated in the Internet. In this paper, we argue that an information-centric networking (ICN), a new networking paradigm, is a more suitable architecture for the IoT compared to the currently prevailing IP-based network. We observe that recent works that propose to use ICN for IoT, either do not cover the need to integrate sensor networks with the Internet to realize IoT or do so inefficiently. There is a need to understand effective ways to integrate the various heterogeneous sensor networks with the Internet without affecting their current mode of operation. In this paper, we study the essential requirements for integrating sensor networks to the Internet. We provide an architecture with gateways for paving a way for the sensor networks to become a part of the IoT family. We further provide a naming schema for efficient operation of the resource constrained sensor networks, discuss mobility, security, communication patterns, and propose the most suitable choices for IoT networks.

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) treats content as a first-class entity - each content has a unique identity and ICN routers forward traffic based on content identity rather than the locations of the content. This provides benefits like dynamic request routing, caching and mobility support. The choice of naming schema (flat vs. hierarchical) is a fundamental design choice in ICN which determines the functional separation between the network layer and the application layer. With hierarchical names, the network layer is cognizant of the semantics of hierarchical names. Name space management is also part of network layer. ICN architectures using flat names leave these to the application layer. The naming schema affects the performance and scalability of the network in terms of forwarding efficiency, routing table size and name space size. This paper provides both qualitative and quantitative comparison on the two naming schemas using these metrics, noting that they are interdependent. We seek to understand which naming schema would be better for a high-performance, scalable ICN architecture.

Information Centric Networks (ICN) enable accessing data oblivious of its location, by allowing end-systems to retrieve content based on names. But, architectures such as Named Data Networking (NDN) and Content Oriented Publish/Subscribe System (COPSS) do not yet provide a mechanism for end-system applications to obtain these names. There is a need for an object resolution system that addresses a most important and as yet unimplemented component of obtaining a name in ICN. In this paper, we propose ORICE, an architectural design for Object Resolution services in Information-Centric Environment that satisfies this need. The architecture enables intelligent resolution service by placing the service in the application layer and allows for the service diversity by separating the name space management from resolution service. Through preliminary evaluation, we show that with the help of ORICE, the states stored in the network can be dramatically reduced while ensuring complete data delivery.