Lateralization is an effective model for exploring changes in brain activity and is widely used to assess brain function. Seafarers, as an occupation working in marine environments, are subjected to long-term specialized occupational demands and experiences, which inevitably impact brain function. By utilizing lateralization, the influence of occupational experience on brain activity can be further explored. A novel Effective Connectivity Lateralization Analysis (ECLA) framework is proposed, which incorporates a Transformer-based Granger causality model (Transformer-GC) to analyze the effects of seafaring on brain plasticity. The Transformer-GC model constructs effective connectivity (EC) matrices, and lateralization indices are derived to investigate occupational influences on brain activity. Two control groups of non-seafarers are included to identify seafarers' unique occupational plasticity brain networks. Results show that Transformer-GC achieves an accuracy improvement of nearly 16% and 19.4% over the GRU-based and MVGC model, respectively, and a 5% gain over Pearson-based functional connectivity, confirming its superior performance. Moreover, the results of the ECLA showed significant differences in VentralAttention, Somatomotor, DorsalAttention in the seafarer, demonstrating that these brain networks are affected by the long-term work of seafarers. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of ECLA in revealing the impact of long-term maritime work on brain plasticity, particularly in identifying the brain network of seafarers' occupational plasticity. It is shown that occupational experience can reshape the lateralization of brain functional activity, offering new insights into neural plasticity across different professions.

In optical wireless communications (OWC), hybrid optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) schemes, such as hybrid asymmetrically clipped O-OFDM (HACO-OFDM) and layered asymmetrically clipped O-OFDM (LACO-OFDM), enjoy both high power and spectral efficiency. However, due to the non-orthogonal transmission of signal components induced by the clipping distortion, successive interference cancellation (SIC) is required in these hybrid O-OFDM schemes, leading to notably increased complexity. In this paper, we conceive novel hybrid O-OFDM schemes to offer both high spectral and power efficiency, whilst possessing low complexity. By elaborately designing a time-domain (TD) distortion elimination methodology at the transmitter, a novel distortion-elimination hybrid O-OFDM (DEHO-OFDM) is first proposed, which combines asymmetrically clipped O-OFDM (ACO-OFDM) and pulse-amplitude-modulated discrete multitone (PAM-DMT) in an interference-free manner. In order to further improve the spectral efficiency, an enhance DEHO-OFDM (EDEHO-OFDM) is designed by activating the remaining subcarrier resources. Both DEHO-OFDM and EDEHO-OFDM can be realized through a single-IFFT transmitter and standard OFDM receiver, leading to much lower complexity than the existing hybrid O-OFDM schemes. Simulation results have demonstrated the superiorities of the proposed schemes over HACO-OFDM and LACO-OFDM in terms of peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) and bit error rate (BER).