With the rapid development of the low-altitude economy, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) recognition has become increasingly important. However, vision-based methods progressively become ineffective as the UAV’s flight altitude increases. Therefore, radar information has emerged as the predominant approach for UAV recognition. However, existing low-altitude targets recognition methods either depend on long-sequence trajectory information or possess excessively high terminal computing power requirements, thereby rendering them difficult to deploy. In this study, a UAV recognition framework RaLMEN based on radar information is proposed, utilizing an ensemble learning architecture that incorporates BiLSTM and MLP. The framework integrates both temporal and static features extracted from aerial targets, aiming to provide a robust solution for low-altitude traffic surveillance. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method requires only the temporal RCS information and position coordinates of a few trajectory points to accurately determine whether the target is a UAV. Furthermore, when evaluated with test data sampled from domains different from the training set, the framework demonstrates exceptional generalization performance, outperforming the baseline algorithms of all mainstream temporal neural networks.

Coal has always been an important foundation for China’s economy. The booming and declining of the coal industry can directly impact the regional economy. This study researches the impact of the rise and fall of the coal industry on the regional economy, finance, and employment by establishing a panel data model. The results show that the economic growth rate of coal-producing areas is vulnerable to the rise and fall of the coal industry, and the impact is uneven. That is, the prosperity of the coal industry has a slightly greater impact on regional economic growth than that of a recession. The fiscal revenue and expenditure of coal-producing areas has been substantially affected during the coal industry recession, and the fiscal deficit has risen remarkably. The employment situation of urban workers in coal-producing areas is almost unaffected by the rise and fall of the coal industry.

The research of geoscience plays a strong role in helping people gain a better understanding of the Earth. To effectively represent the knowledge (KG) from enormous geoscience research papers, knowledge graphs can be a powerful means. In the face of enormous geoscience research papers, knowledge graphs can be a powerful means to manage the relationships of data and integrate knowledge extracted from them. However, the existing geoscience KGs mainly focus on the external connection between concepts, whereas the potential abundant information contained in the internal multimodal data of the paper is largely overlooked for more fine-grained knowledge mining. To this end, we propose GAKG, a large-scale multimodal academic KG based on 1.12 million papers published in various geoscience-related journals. In addition to the bibliometrics elements, we also extracted the internal illustrations, tables, and text information of the articles, and dig out the knowledge entities of the papers and the era and spatial attributes of the articles, coupling multimodal academic data and features. Specifically, GAKG realizes knowledge entity extraction under our proposed Human-In-the-Loop framework, the novelty of which is to combine the techniques of machine reading and information retrieval with manual annotation of geoscientists in the loop. Considering the fact that literature of geoscience often contains more abundant illustrations and time scale information compared with that of other disciplines, we extract all the geographical information and era from the geoscience papers' text and illustrations, mapping papers to the atlas and chronology. Based on GAKG, we build several knowledge discovery benchmarks for finding geoscience communities and predicting potential links. GAKG and its services have been made publicly available and user-friendly.

Author name ambiguity causes inadequacy and inconvenience in academic information retrieval, which raises the necessity of author name disambiguation (AND). Existing AND methods can be divided into two categories: the models focusing on content information to distinguish whether two papers are written by the same author, the models focusing on relation information to represent information as edges on the network and to quantify the similarity among papers. However, the former requires adequate labeled samples and informative negative samples, and are also ineffective in measuring the high-order connections among papers, while the latter needs complicated feature engineering or supervision to construct the network. We propose a novel generative adversarial framework to grow the two categories of models together: (i) the discriminative module distinguishes whether two papers are from the same author, and (ii) the generative module selects possibly homogeneous papers directly from the heterogeneous information network, which eliminates the complicated feature engineering. In such a way, the discriminative module guides the generative module to select homogeneous papers, and the generative module generates high-quality negative samples to train the discriminative module to make it aware of high-order connections among papers. Furthermore, a self-training strategy for the discriminative module and a random walk based generating algorithm are designed to make the training stable and efficient. Extensive experiments on two real-world AND benchmarks demonstrate that our model provides significant performance improvement over the state-of-the-art methods.

We present Academic Reader, a system which can read academic literatures and answer the relevant questions for researchers. Academic Reader leverages machine reading comprehension technique, which has been successfully applied in many fields but has not been involved in academic literature reading. An interactive platform is established to demonstrate the functions of Academic Reader. Pieces of academic literature and relevant questions are input to our system, which then outputs answers. The system can also gather users’ revised answers and perform active learning to continuously improve its performance. A case study is provided presenting the performance of our system on all papers accepted in KDD 2018, which demonstrates how our system facilitates massive academic literature reading.

Community detection refers to the task of discovering groups of vertices sharing similar properties or functions so as to understand the network data. With the recent development of deep learning, graph representation learning techniques are also utilized for community detection. However, the communities can only be inferred by applying clustering algorithms based on learned vertex embeddings. These general cluster algorithms like K-means and Gaussian Mixture Model cannot output much overlapped communities, which have been proved to be very common in many real-world networks. In this paper, we propose CommunityGAN, a novel community detection framework that jointly solves overlapping community detection and graph representation learning. First, unlike the embedding of conventional graph representation learning algorithms where the vector entry values have no specific meanings, the embedding of CommunityGAN indicates the membership strength of vertices to communities. Second, a specifically designed Generative Adversarial Net (GAN) is adopted to optimize such embedding. Through the minimax competition between the motif-level generator and discriminator, both of them can alternatively and iteratively boost their performance and finally output a better community structure. Extensive experiments on synthetic data and real-world tasks demonstrate that CommunityGAN achieves substantial community detection performance gains over the state-of-the-art methods.

Most existing knowledge graphs (KGs) in academic domains suffer from problems of insufficient multi-relational information, name ambiguity and improper data format for large-scale machine processing. In this paper, we present AceKG, a new large-scale KG in academic domain. AceKG not only provides clean academic information, but also offers a large-scale benchmark dataset for researchers to conduct challenging data mining projects including link prediction, community detection and scholar classification. Specifically, AceKG describes 3.13 billion triples of academic facts based on a consistent ontology, including necessary properties of papers, authors, fields of study, venues and institutes, as well as the relations among them. To enrich the proposed knowledge graph, we also perform entity alignment with existing databases and rule-based inference. Based on AceKG, we conduct experiments of three typical academic data mining tasks and evaluate several state-of-the-art knowledge embedding and network representation learning approaches on the benchmark datasets built from AceKG. Finally, we discuss promising research directions that benefit from AceKG.

Just-noticeable distortion (JND), which refers to the maximum distortion that the human visual system (HVS) cannot perceive, plays an important role in perceptual image and video processing. In comparison with JND estimation for images, estimation of the JND profile for video needs to take into account the temporal HVS properties in addition to the spatial properties. In this paper, we develop a spatio-temporal model estimating JND in the discrete cosine tranform domain. The proposed model incorporates the spatio-temporal contrast sensitivity function, the influence of eye movements, luminance adaptation, and contrast masking to be more consistent with human perception. It is capable of yielding JNDs for both still images and video with significant motion. The experiments conducted in this study have demonstrated that the JND values estimated for video sequences with moving objects by the model are in line with the HVS perception. The accurate JND estimation of the video towards the actual visibility bounds can be translated into resource savings (e.g., for bandwidth/storage or computation) and performance improvement in video coding and other visual processing tasks (such as perceptual quality evaluation, visual signal restoration/enhancement, watermarking, authentication, and error protection).