Summary form only given. Chip technologies have been one of the most powerful engines for the computer and IT revolution, and this trend will continue toward the future. Chip innovations will be reviewed through three different pattenrs: disruptive innovation, exponential innovation or Moore's Law, and cyclical innovation or Makimoto's Wave. These innovations played key roles for the "democratiziation of computing," starting from state level machine, to company level machine, to group level machine, to personal level machine. Based on the long-term forecast of chip technologies, future outlook of societal changes will be provided. There will be a marked progress in Robotics supported by AI, IoT and chip innovations.

The computer has undergone revolutionary changes since the introduction in 1946 of ENIAC, which was constructed with 18,000 vacuum tubes, occupied the floor space of 100 square meters and weighed 30 tons. Chip innovations - from transistor to IC to microprocessor to SoC (System on Chip) - were the major enablers for the drastic progress of the computer toward higher intelligence, lower cost, smaller size and lower power. Today, we are in the age of ubiquitous computing and observing the convergence of computer, communication and consumer product.This talk offers a historical review of chip innovations, including some important milestones. An outlook on future chip technologies and their implications for future computing will be provided, focusing on robotics as the key driver.

Low power technology is impacting our society by creating the newly emerging digital consumer market, which leads to the nomadic life-style. In this paper, historical review of the technologies will be provided with some examples. It is suggested that robotics will provide the major challenge for low power electronics in the coming decades.

A historical review of the chip industry will be provided with the emphasis on the cyclical nature between standardization direction and customization direction. The basic mechanisms of the cycle will be discussed including technology factors and marketing factors. It is concluded that the field programmable technology will play the vital role in the emerging digital consumer market by providing features that are "standardized in manufacturing but customized in application".