Transactional Memory (TM) is a synchronization model for parallel programming which provides optimistic concurrency control. Transactions can run in parallel and are only serialized in case of conflict. In this article we use hardware TM (HTM) to implement an optimisticspeculative barrier(SB) to replace the lock-based solution. SBs leverage HTM support to elide barriers speculatively. When a thread reaches an SB, a newSB transactionis started, keeping the updates private to the thread, and letting the HTM system detect potential conflicts. Once the last thread reaches the corresponding SB, the speculative threads can commit their changes. The main contributions of this work are: an API for SBs implemented with HTM extensions; a procedure to check the speculation state in between barriers to enable SBs with non-transactional codes; a HTM SB-aware conflict resolution enhancement where SB transactions stall on a conflict with a standard transaction; and a set of SB use guidelines derived from our experience on using SBs in a variety of applications. We evaluated our proposals in two different architectures with a full-system simulator and an IBM Power8 server. Results show an overall performance improvement of SBs over traditional barriers.

Barrier is a very common synchronization method used in parallel programming. Barriers are used typically to enforce a partial thread execution order, since there may be dependences between code sections before and after the barrier. This work proposes TMbarrier, a new design of a barrier intended to be used in transactional applications. TMbarrier allows threads to continue executing speculatively after the barrier assuming that there are not dependences with safe threads that have not yet reached the barrier. Our design leverages transactional memory (TM) (specifically, the implementation offered by the IBM POWER8 processor) to hold the speculative updates and to detect possible conflicts between speculative and safe threads. Despite the limitations of the best-effort hardware TM implementation present in current processors, experiments show a reduction in wasted time due to synchronization compared to standard barriers.