Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) have become the predominant technology in the current era. Although VANETs have numerous benefits, they are prone to different types of attacks owing to their open nature. Therefore, security plays a crucial role in VANET systems. Ensuring a safe and dependable vehicular communication system is crucial when performing anonymous authentication and group key agreement. Many related works have been proposed based on signature aggregation and group key management; however, they suffer from high computational and communication costs. Hence, in this work, signature aggregation scheme is proposed in such a way that the computational overhead is significantly reduced. Moreover, an ECC-based group management scheme is proposed to secure group communication. In comparison to recent works, the proposed work generates and verifies signatures with an efficiency of 50.03% and 26.26%, respectively. Furthermore, 72.32% and 35.45% efficient in terms of transmission overhead and serving ratio when compared to recent works. To validate this work practically, printed antenna consisting of four elements arranged in a linear array is developed for the intended use. Security analysis is performed in formal and informal ways to prove the security strength of the proposed method. Finally, the performance is validated with similar works using the Cygwin platform with the PBC library.

Ensuring the safe transfer of information plays an important role in the development of Industry 4.0. Robust authentication and security frameworks are required to establish confidence among vehicles, provide reliable data flow, and improve the overall safety of vehicle platoons. This is crucial for preventing cyber-attacks that could cause accidents or disrupt the synchronized movement of vehicle platoons. Initially, in this study, a novel privacy-preserving mechanism based on an authentication code and cipher test is suggested. Second, an effective authentication system is proposed for vehicle platoons. Third, a novel tree-based group key-sharing mechanism for the exchange of information between vehicle users is proposed. The proposed scheme also supports the sharing of the same group key for entities in Industry 4.0. Finally, a planar array consisting of four elements was specifically built for use in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) applications operating inside the Dedicated Short-range Communications (DSRC) (802.11p) band to prove the efficacy in terms of practical implementation. To assess the security level of the suggested authentication scheme, both formal and informal analyses were conducted. Finally, the performance of the suggested protocol is evaluated in terms of computational and communication overheads. Moreover, the designed antenna provides complete impedance bandwidth coverage, good gain, and minimal cross-polarization suppression at the optimum frequency of operation in the C band.

For Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs), the security of sensitive data of patients is of the utmost importance, particularly in healthcare environments. This study presents a novel methodology for improving the efficacy of signature aggregation in a scenario involving doctors and patients while mitigating concerns about location privacy. Though there have been prior proposals for signature aggregation schemes, the proposed approach seeks to optimize the aggregation process within the considered scenario, thereby improving performance and reducing computational and communication burden. In addition, the proposed scheme integrates a resilient mechanism that safeguards the doctor’s location privacy by utilizing the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT). Advanced cryptographic algorithms and location-anonymization techniques are employed in the proposed method to safeguard the confidentiality of the doctors’ location. The security of the proposed scheme is formally analyzed using the Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic and formally verified using the automated software validation tool, known as the Scyther tool, and an informal analysis of various security attributes confirms the security robustness of the proposed scheme. The efficacy is evaluated in comparison to analogous works utilizing the Cygwin software. The performance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme has lower communication costs as compared to existing competing schemes. Moreover, the serving ratio in the proposed scheme is high even if the number of patients is low for doctors.

Summary Vehicular ad‐hoc networks (VANETs) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential to improve the safety and efficiency of transportation systems. VANETs are a type of wireless ad‐hoc network that enables communication between vehicles and between vehicles and roadside infrastructure. VANETs can also improve the efficiency of transportation systems by reducing traffic congestion and improving traffic flow. In addition to improving safety and efficiency, VANETs also face several challenges. One of the biggest challenges is ensuring the security and privacy of the data transmitted over the network. In this manuscript, an anonymous authentication scheme for VANET users is proposed along with privacy preservation and confidentiality. An efficient session key agreement protocol is designed for transferring location‐based information between the vehicle user and the roadside unit (RSU). Further, updated session keys are transferred to the subsequent RSU, when the vehicle user moves to another location. Moreover, re‐authentication of VANET users is completely evaded during to handover authentication, thus reducing the computational overhead. In addition, Resistance to different security assaults is discussed in this work through informal analysis. Finally, performance is compared with different relevant schemes and validated through Cygwin software.

The progression of cloud computing, IoT technologies, and intelligent transportation systems has accelerated the speedy growth of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). Recently, attempts have been made to merge fog computing with VANETs to meet the needs of the real world, such as mobility, low transmission delay, etc. In this work, the VANET system is divided into several fog domains to reduce the burden on the central cloud server. Moreover, hybrid CMOS memristor-based biometric authentication is introduced to ensure only registered users can enable the OBU for making communications in VANETs. The proposed work achieves anonymous mutual authentication to validate the legitimacy and privacy of vehicle users while making communications in VANETs. The formal and informal security analyses are given in this paper to prove that the proposed work encounters the necessities of security in fog-based vehicular ad-hoc networks. In addition, the security of the proposed work is evaluated using the Scyther tool to show that the proposed scheme is highly robust against various attacks. Finally, we conduct a performance evaluation of the proposed work with other related works. The findings indicate that, in comparison to other related works, the proposed work offers a better trade-off between security and performance.

Nowadays, continuous monitoring of a patient’s healthcare data has become a critical factor in human well-being. However, with the rapid advancement of wireless technology, doctors and healthcare professionals can monitor the patient’s healthcare data in real time. But to access the confidential patient’s data which is transferred through the open wireless medium, the secure transmission plays an important role. In this work, the privacy and the anonymity of the end-users (patient/doctor) are preserved using an anonymous blockchain-based authentication scheme. Moreover, in this work initially, mutual authentication is performed between the end-users, followed by encryption and decryption of confidential data. In addition, to avoid reauthentication of the patient again during the movement of a patient from one doctor to another, a transfer authentication protocol is performed between the doctors which enhances performance analysis. The security analysis section illustrates the withstanding capability of the proposed work against various vulnerable attacks. Finally, performance investigation of the proposed work reveals a reduction in computational and communication costs when compared to existing related works.

The recent developments in the wireless body area networks (WBAN) play a vital role in the modern remote health care monitoring system. In WBAN, the deployed intelligent, resource-limited body sensors will collect the patient's biological information (BI) and communicate the same to the doctor for further action through the Internet. But during the communication among the WBAN entities, the privacy, security of the BI, and user's personal data need to be protected against various security threats. To address these security flaws, in this article, a computationally efficient privacy-preserving anonymous authentication scheme is proposed for resource-limited WBAN. Also, it preserves the physical security of sensors and the confidentiality of BI and provides conditional privacy to the WBAN users. The comprehensive security and performance evaluation phase ensures that the proposed scheme is efficient and secure in terms of computational and communication complexity when compared with the other conventional schemes.

The continuous growth to the 6G wireless communication technology overcomes storage, stringent computation, privacy and power constraints to make an efficient and intelligent next generation transportation system to alleviate traffic jams and enhance driving experience in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). In combination with 6G technology, high availability, high reliability and occasionally high throughput are enabled in VANETs. However, the information shared in the VANET system should be secured. In this paper, an efficient batch authentication and key exchange schemes are proposed to provide a high level security by evading communication with the malicious vehicle users. In addition, an anonymous batch authentication scheme is proposed to alleviate the authentication burden on the road side units (RSUs) while performing authentication in the congested areas. Moreover, the integrity of the communicating messages is preserved in this proposed scheme to evade message modification during transmission. Even though many cryptographic schemes were proposed for batch authentication in VANETS, they suffered from lack of privacy-preservation and computational overhead. The discussion of the possible attacks section illustrates that the proposed protocol can survive against potential security attacks. In the performance analysis section, the proposed batch authentication scheme is compared with well-known existing schemes and then it is clearly revealed that the proposed scheme is computationally more efficient than the existing schemes.

Abstract Automatic Dependent Surveillance‐Broadcast (ADS‐B) system provides significant improvements in air traffic control system such as optimal routing in non‐radar environments with a new level of safety and efficiency. The ADS‐B system is being installed in many aircrafts in recent year. The ADS‐B equipped aircraft broadcasts the air traffic information to nearby aircraft and ground stations either once or twice per second. Because of the open channel communication atmosphere, the ADS‐B system is affected by many security attacks. Many authentication and batch verification schemes are available to provide data integrity and source authentication for the ADS‐B system. But they are suffering from computational overhead and communication overhead. Hence, an efficient anonymous authentication scheme is proposed for the ADS‐B system with batch verification based on Message Recovery Signature (MRS). The security and performance analysis section ensure that the proposed scheme provides essential security features with less computational and communication overhead comparison with the other existing schemes.

Smart driving has become conceivable due to the rapid growth of vehicular ad hoc networks. VANETs are considered as the main platform for providing safety road information and instant vehicle communication. Nevertheless, due to the open wireless nature of communication channels, VANET is susceptible to security attacks by malicious users. For this reason, secure anonymous authentication schemes are essential in VANETs. However, when vehicles reach a new roadside unit (RSU) coverage area, the vehicles need to perform reauthentication with the current RSU, which significantly diminishes the efficiency of the entire VANET. Therefore, the introduction of blockchain technology has created opportunities for VANETs to resolve the aforementioned challenges. Due to the decentralized nature of blockchain technology, rapid reauthentication of vehicles is achieved in this paper through secure authentication code transfer between the consecutive RSUs. The security strength of the proposed blockchain-based anonymous authentication scheme against various harmful security attacks is proven in the security analysis section to ensure that it provides better security. In addition, blockchain, as presented in the performance analysis section, is used to substantially diminish the computational cost compared to conventional authentication schemes.

Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based wireless body area networks (WBANs) play an important role in modern medical systems for patient-health monitoring. WBANs have the capability to collect real-time biological information from the patients' body using intelligent sensors and then send the collected information to the remote doctors or medical experts using the Internet. In recent years, numerous anonymous authentication schemes were proposed to provide security in WBANs. However, many of these schemes are not computationally efficient during anonymous authentication. Moreover, the previous schemes did not provide location privacy for both doctors and patients. In order to overcome these limitations, in this article, we propose an efficient and secure anonymous authentication framework with location privacy preservation for IoT-based WBANs. The comprehensive analysis section shows that the proposed scheme overcomes the security weaknesses in the existing schemes and also provides low computation cost during anonymous authentication.

Recently, the security strength of this paper titled “Dual Authentication and Key Management Techniques for Secure Data Transmission in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks” proposed by Vijayakumar et al. was commented by Tan et al. In this note, appropriate explanations are provided in a clear manner to ensure the security strength of the Vijayakumar et al. 's paper.

Providing an efficient anonymous authentication scheme in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) with low computational cost is a challenging issue. Even though, there are some existing schemes to provide anonymous authentication, the existing schemes suffer from high computational cost in the certificate and the signature verification process, which leads to high message loss. Therefore, they fail to meet the necessity of verifying hundreds of messages per second in VANETs. In our scheme, we propose an efficient anonymous authentication scheme to avoid malicious vehicles entering into the VANET. In addition, the proposed scheme offers a conditional tracking mechanism to trace the vehicles or roadside units that abuse the VANET. As a result, our scheme revokes the privacy of misbehaving vehicles to provide conditional privacy in a computationally efficient way through which the VANET entities will be anonymous to each other until they are revoked from the VANET system. Moreover, the proposed scheme is implemented and the performance analysis shows that our scheme is computationally efficient with respect to the certificate and the signature verification process by keeping conditional privacy in VANETs.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are an important communication paradigm in modern-day mobile computing for exchanging live messages regarding traffic congestion, weather conditions, road conditions, and targeted location-based advertisements to improve the driving comfort. In such environments, security and intelligent decision making are two important challenges needed to be addressed. In this paper, a trusted authority (TA) is designed to provide a variety of online premium services to customers through VANETs. Therefore, it is important to maintain the confidentiality and authentication of messages exchanged between the TA and the VANET nodes. Hence, we address the security problem by focusing on the scenario where the TA classifies the users into primary, secondary, and unauthorized users. In this paper, first, we present a dual authentication scheme to provide a high level of security in the vehicle side to effectively prevent the unauthorized vehicles entering into the VANET. Second, we propose a dual group key management scheme to efficiently distribute a group key to a group of users and to update such group keys during the users' join and leave operations. The major advantage of the proposed dual key management is that adding/revoking users in the VANET group can be performed in a computationally efficient manner by updating a small amount of information. The results of the proposed dual authentication and key management scheme are computationally efficient compared with all other existing schemes discussed in literature, and the results are promising.

In this paper, we propose a computationally efficient privacy preserving anonymous authentication scheme based on the use of anonymous certificates and signatures for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Even though there were many existing schemes to provide anonymous authentication based on anonymous certificates and signatures in VANETs, the existing schemes suffer from high computation cost in the certificate revocation list (CRL) checking process and in the certificate and the signature verification process. Therefore, it is not possible to verify a large number of messages per second in VANETs which would lead to high message loss. Hence, we use a computationally efficient anonymous mutual authentication mechanism to validate the message source and anonymous signatures in order to guarantee the integrity of messages. Moreover, a conditional tracking mechanism is introduced to trace the real identity of vehicles and revoke them from VANET in the case of dispute. This proposed scheme is implemented and performance analysis shows that our scheme is more efficient in terms of certificate and signature verification delay, while keeping conditional privacy in VANETs.