In this paper, we propose the concept of a "mobile microscope". This is a hand-held microscope that can be used for observation in various places. Because microscopes which have a small observable area and are vulnerable to vibrations, images from hand-held microscopes are usually blurred. We propose a method of stabilizing images from a microscope which are affected by shaking, and we use the method to realize a mobile microscope. The method is based on high-speed visual feedback with an inclined image sensor for measuring the 3D movements of the microscope. We developed a prototype microscope system, without a built-in actuator, by employing this method. Experimental results showed that images from the hand-held microscope could be stabilized by our method.

This paper proposes a new approach to negation. While most theories for negation are based on the logic paradigm, our theory is constructed based on the equivalent transformation (ET) computation model, since the ET computation model provides us with "decomposability of programs." A negative constraint has a domain that is the complement of the semantics of the corresponding declarative description. Computation of negation in the ET paradigm is realized by equivalent transformation of declarative descriptions including negative constraints. For each negative constraint in a definite clause, a new declarative description is produced and transformed equivalently. When it is transformed to a set of unit clauses, the negative constraint is solved. Each unit clause returns a simple constraint to the "caller" clause. This paper proves two theorems that provide a basis for such equivalent transformation of negative constraints.