Logic built-in self-test (LBIST) suffers from excessive power consumption due to high toggling rates caused by pseudo-random patterns. This paper presents a programmable low-power LBIST scheme that leverages scan chain weighting based on ATPG-guided fault analysis. By analyzing the distribution of specified bits across ATPG-generated test cubes, each scan chain is assigned a weight indicating its relative contribution to fault detection. Chains are then grouped into seven activation levels, each mapped to a distinct toggle probability to balance power and test coverage. A configurable control circuit based on shift and hold registers generates the required low-power signals. Experimental results on industrial-scale designs demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significantly higher fault coverage under identical power constraints compared to a commercial LBIST solution.

The nonlinear frequency modulation (NLFM) waveform is a promising candidate for the linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal because its autocorrelation output exhibits low sidelobes without loss of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), also avoiding the transmitting power loss for spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR). However, the acquisition of the analytical expression of the NLFM waveform is often closely related to the indirect instantaneous frequency function generated by the principle of stationary phase (POSP), thus it is not inconvenient for the real-time generation of the efficient and precise NLFM signal on board. In this letter, based on the harmonic decomposition, closed-form expressions of the NLFM waveform, which are directly calculated by the predefined window, are derived in both time and frequency domains. Therefore, it is very beneficial to the real-time generation and process of the NLFM waveform for the SAR system. All the simulation results and analyses validate the promising potential of the closed-form expressions of the NLFM waveform for SAR application.

Summary The energy router is one unified interface solution for organizing distributed energy running in a microgrid operation mode. Because of its flexible and controllable features, this model is expected to become an important scheme for the electricity market liberalization process. Power electronic equipment could not provide inertia and damping like that of the traditional synchronous grid, which leads to poor grid‐tied integrity and reliability. This paper proposes an energy router microgrid‐operation model in which the AC‐interface and DC‐interface conventional control strategies are replaced by a virtual synchronous generator (motor) and virtual DC motor control strategy such that the energy router can mimic the inertia and damping characteristics of a rotating motor in order to improve the stability of the distributed power network. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the energy router microgrid running mode and the control strategy.