Immersive and simulation technologies, such as Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), Mixed Reality (MR), and Digital Twins (DTs), have proven effective in enhancing decision-making, streamlining operations, and improving safety through intuitive visualizations. Unsurprisingly, the oil and gas (O&G) pipeline industry is increasingly turning to these technologies to tackle complex construction and resource management challenges. This paper reviews the applications, benefits, and future trends of these technologies, focusing on integration and emerging trends in monitoring, training, maintenance, and testing. It identifies potential gaps, offers guidance for future research, and emphasizes adapting to technological evolution, providing insights to improve system reliability and sustainability in O&G pipeline operations using immersion and simulation methods.

In this paper, we present a wearable microsystem for minimally invasive, autonomous and pseudo-continuous blood glucose monitoring that addresses growing demand for replacing tedious fingerpricking tests for diabetic patients. Unlike the prevalent solutions that estimate blood glucose levels from interstitial fluids or tears, our approach uses a novel wearable microsystem design to extract a whole blood sample from a small lanced s in wound and to directly measure the blood glucose level from it. Both in-vitro and in-vivo testing results illustrate the method.