High-precision smooth speed regulation in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) is challenged by torque ripple, parameter mismatches, and load fluctuations. Considering the uncertain nature of these disturbances, neural network (NN)-based methods provide superior applicability compared to internal model approaches due to their frequency-independent characteristics. However, most of these methods utilize feedforward NNs designed via asymptotic stability theory, which exhibit severe output distortions stemming from abrupt error surges and prolonged convergence times under varying operating conditions. To address these issues, this article proposes a robust speed control framework that integrates a recurrent NN (RNN) with fixed-time sliding-mode control (FTSMC), theoretically guaranteeing closed-loop fixed-time stability even under input saturation. Specifically, the RNN employs an internal recurrent loop to leverage historical context, thereby reducing the network output's susceptibility to instantaneous error spikes and alleviating transient distortions. Furthermore, incorporating FTSMC principles into the weight update law design accelerates the network's learning process, ensuring accurate approximation of periodic disturbances while shortening the transient period. Extensive experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme across diverse operating scenarios.

Quantifying operational risks of power systems under multiple uncertainties and determining necessary reserves present complex challenges. This article introduces a risk dispatch approach based on uncertain intervals to address the conservatism of existing interval optimization methods. We use an uncertain model based on an interval random variable (IRV), substituting the unknown probability distributions of random variables. We establish a framework combining IRV and probabilistic random variable for risk quantification, leading to a risk evaluation model centered on uncertain interval–probabilistic conditional value-at-risk. We establish the joint probability distribution of wind power and load. Following this, we introduce reserve models based on the relative positions of actual and prediction intervals. Subsequently, we present an enhanced economic dispatch based on uncertain intervals to achieve more accurate results. Our proposed method breaks down the uncertain interval-based dispatch problem into two suboptimization models. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method by applying it to IEEE-39 and IEEE-118 bus systems.

Due to the challenges in achieving accurate probabilities, representing uncertainty as intervals helps mitigate issues arising from the lack of distribution information. However, current interval-based methods for optimization modeling in power grids fail to fully capture the uncertainties of interval variables, leading to higher reserve costs. To overcome the conservatism of existing dispatch models, this work develops a novel uncertain interval variable (UIV) for risk assessment, where the radius of an interval is treated as a random variable. Inspired by the Affine algorithm, we propose a novel uncertain interval-based conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) metric, called UP-CVaR, for multiple random variables. The dispatch results for the New England 39-bus and 118-bus systems show that the proposed method can obtain tighter interval dispatch results compared to existing economic dispatch (ED) models. Moreover, as the stochastic level of wind power (mean and standard deviation) increases, the range of scheduling results expands.

Rare earth magnets have long been the cornerstone of high-performance electrical machines owing to their exceptional magnetic properties. However, their utilization presents challenges, notably in terms of cost and limited availability of resources. In response, ferrite magnets have emerged as a promising alternative due to their cost-effectiveness and abundant supply. Vernier permanent-magnet (VPM) machines typically exhibit low power factors due to high winding reactance. Given the weaker magnetic properties of ferrite magnets compared to rare earth counterparts, ferrite-based machines inherently suffer from poorer power factors. Short pitch winding is a known strategy to mitigate this issue and enhance power factor. This paper investigates the impact of employing short pitch winding in ferrite VPM machines, alongside an exploration of different gear ratios. The research findings indicate that when a high-power factor is desired, employing short pitch winding can lead to higher torque/power and efficiency compared to full pitch winding in ferrite VPM machines. Moreover, the advantages of short pitch winding are more prominent with higher gear ratios. Finite element analysis is employed to optimize both the machine's topology and performance, providing insights into the intricate interplay between winding configurations, gear ratios, and magnetic materials.

This paper focuses on the reduction of the radial force harmonics of a consequent-pole permanent magnet vernier machine by current harmonic injection. The current harmonic injection has been applied based on dq-axis frame. In the proposed method, a sixth harmonic of d-axis current is injected to reduce a sixth harmonic of the radial force with zero order mode. The effectiveness of the current harmonic injection is verified by finite element analysis. The simulation results show that sixth harmonic of radial force is reduced by 45.7%, resulting in the reduction of a vibration at the respective harmonic by 42%. To demonstrate the controllability of the current regulator for the proposed method, a circuit simulation has been carried out with a proportional, integral, and resonance (PIR) controllers. The simulation results show that the PIR controller can realize superior performance of the current harmonic regulation compared with the conventional PI controller.

This article investigates the application of star-delta hybrid concentrated-winding (CW) in permanent magnet vernier machines (PMVMs), with main focus on power factor and field-weakening capability. The analysis results show that the hybrid CW exhibits low-coupling property, namely both the mutual inductances between the comprising coils of each single phase and that among three-phase windings are eliminated. As a result, the q-axis flux linkage and required terminal voltage are reduced substantially, which contributes to improving power factor and field-weakening property. When operating below base speed, higher voltage margins are obtained, thus the proposed PMVM exhibits a higher power factor and wider constant torque region. With speed over base speed, the field-weakening control strategy is adopted, allowing the proposed PMVM to employ a higher q-axis current to generate torque. As a consequence, the output capability and power factor under high-speed field-weakening region are improved. In particular, the maximum achievable output power is improved by 19%, and the constant power speed range (CPSR) ratio is improved from 2 to almost 10.

Natural fault-tolerance performance is becoming popular for dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) under open-phase fault, as it eliminates the need for control structure reconfiguration and fault diagnosis. Unlike the current constraint imposed by the open-phase fault, little attention has been given to the voltage relationship between the inverter and the motor. In this paper, aiming to address the voltage disturbance by this constraint, an improved universal control scheme has been proposed for dual three-phase PMSM under single open-phase fault. The voltage disturbances have been modelled as dc-type and periodic-type, and then the low-passing filter plus resonator-based disturbance observer has been utilized in control scheme of torque subspace for improving disturbance rejection. The simulation and experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Electric power systems have been increasingly subjected to false data injection attacks (FDIAs) and adversarial examples, which inject well-designed disturbance signals into the measurements, and thereby generate erroneous state estimation (SE) results. The present work addresses this issue by proposing a robust data-driven attack detection algorithm. We apply a novel metric denoted as Euclidian distance similarity ratio for detecting stealthy attack during the SE process. Second, two different deep Q networks are, respectively, employed for detecting FDIAs and adversarial examples based on their respective inflection points (IPs). We also propose sufficient and necessary conditions for the successful detection of adversarial examples based on the corresponding analyses of IPs. Finally, two networks are trained using deep reinforcement learning. The effectiveness of the proposed robust detection method is demonstrated based on simulations involving IEEE 14, 57, and 118 bus power systems.

Accurate identification of magnet flux linkage is of great importance for the condition monitoring and control optimization of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. In this work, a normal-operation-undisturbed magnet flux linkage monitoring technique using a mechanical-model-based dual time-scale approach is presented. The proposed technique is composed of two Adaline-type asymptotic observers, which operate at different time scales and provide updates to each other to guarantee accuracy and cope with rank deficiency during the identification. With the aid of Lyapunov theory, a dynamic learning factor is ingeniously designed for each of the two Adaline-type asymptotic observers, which yields powerful noise immunity and helps to guarantee observer stability. In comparison to existing magnet flux linkage identification solutions, the proposed method is impervious to inverter nonlinearity and magnetic saturation, and meanwhile, it circumvents the need for harmonic signal injection and control structure alteration so as to eliminate the resulting possibility of affecting normal motor operations. Simulations, along with real-time experiments under different temperatures, loads, and speeds, are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique and its capability to accurately monitor the magnet flux linkage.

Fault-tolerant control (FTC) strategy can be realized without modifying the peripheral hardware circuit when the open-circuit fault (OCF) occurs in the multiphase motor. However, FTC relies on accurately identifying the fault location and switching to a new reconfiguration fault-tolerant algorithm. This can significantly increase the complexity of the system. To overcome the challenge, this article investigates a passive fault-tolerant scheme of a 2 × 3-phase surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) driven by a mono-inverter when single-phase OCF occurs. The state equations based on field-oriented control of 2 × 3-phase SPMSM under healthy and single-phase OCF are discussed. The special motor drive mode and the constraint ofid= 0 make the phase currents of each module passively optimized under the two neutral point configurations (i.e., isolated or connected), thus meeting the demand of restraining torque ripple. In the proposed PFTS, when the OCF occurs, the system does not require to attempt to diagnose or correct faults. Hence, a seamless transition from normal to faulty operation is guaranteed. Moreover, it enhances system reliability and stability. Furthermore, taking an existing 2 × 3-phase SPMSM as an example, the experiments are carried out for validation.

This paper proposes a variable-topology motor drive with soft-shifting method for PMSM operating range extension. To satisfy both heavy-load and high-speed requirement, smooth online conversion between half-bridge topology and series-winding topology is achieved by considering shift transient control. The shift circuit is special designed and the step-by-step shifting method is proposed to avoid the output torque interrupt during the shifting process. By actively controlling and injecting the 0-axis current, the proposed zero-current shifting method solves the reliability issues of shift switches, avoiding the overvoltage and electric spark in electromagnetic relay. The experimental results have verified that the proposed variable-topology motor drive can significantly extend the speed range and achieve high efficiency and high torque capability in the global operating region, while the online topology conversion process using the soft-shifting technology has little effect on the motor operations.

Permanent magnet vernier machines (PMVMs) are recognized as the most promising candidates for high-torque direct-drive applications. However, their market penetration is hindered by the low power factor. This paper aims to address the low-power-factor challenge, by employing the concept of low-coupling winding. As compared with two conventional PMVMs, the proposed PMVM with low-coupling winding exhibits a substantially improved power factor. To objectively evaluate the potential of the proposed PMVM, a comprehensive comparison between the proposed PMVM and the conventional permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is conducted. The no-load back-EMF, output torque, power factor, core losses, and efficiency are compared under various operating conditions, encompassing the entire torque-speed range. The strengths and weaknesses of the PMVM are analyzed, and the most promising application scenarios are suggested. Finally, a prototype of the proposed PMVM is fabricated to validate the analysis and comparison results.

The inverter nonlinearity induces current harmonics and mismatches between permanent magnet synchronous machine reference voltages and terminal voltages, which will degrade the sensorless drive system performance, especially at the low-speed range. In this paper, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN)-based voltage compensator is proposed to suppress the current ripple. Without the requirement of any additional hardware or complex signal analysis procedure and processing algorithm, the RBFNN is self-tuned to directly generate the compensation voltage with the objective to minimize the current tracking error, so as to improve the active flux modeling accuracy and reduce position and speed estimation fluctuation.

Axial-flux permanent magnet synchronous motor (AFPMSM) is a promising solution for in-wheel direct-drive electric bikes (e-bikes) due to its disc-type topology, structural compactness, and high torque density. However, the large electric loading of conventional AFPMSMs for high torque output can lead to severe thermal rise and potential fault risk, which is unbearable for long-running operation and security requirement in e-bike scenario. To address this issue, a comparative study is conducted on the performance of AFPMSM with conventional surface-mounted PM array (S-AFPMSM) and Halbach PM array (H-AFPMSM). The design and optimization procedure for both AFPMSMs is conducted. The investigation result shows that S-AFPMSM features over 30% higher torque density than that of a radial-flux PMSM, but the thermal raise is too much for air-cooling condition. By utilizing Halbach PM array with self-shielding magnetization effect, H-AFPMSM has higher magnetic loading and much less heat loading when it outputs the same torque density as that of S-AFPMSM. As a result, the copper loss is reduced by over 30%, and accordingly the efficiency increases to 94%. A prototype of the motor is manufactured and tested, with results that agree well with the theoretical analysis.

Sliding-mode observer (SMO) has attracted extensive attention in the field of medium- and high-speed sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) because of its strong robustness and stability. However, the traditional methods are vulnerable to dc bias caused by measurement errors and parameter changes. Therefore, in this article, an improved SMO algorithm by disturbance observer compensation is proposed. The algorithm unifies the mathematical models of surface PMSM and interior PMSM. Besides, a bandpass filter (BPF) is used to replace the traditional low-pass filter, so it can effectively suppress dc bias and high-frequency noise. In addition, at any BPF center frequency, the proposed disturbance observer with low-pass filter (LPF) characteristics can perfectly compensate the position error caused by the digital filter in real time. Moreover, through sensitivity analysis, the influence of model uncertainty on the observation position is studied, and an adaptive extended state observer is added to mitigate the influence of parameter mismatch on the performance, hence improving the estimation accuracy. Finally, a triple redundant permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor is taken as an example to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed observer.

In this paper, the influence of full-pitch and shortpitch windings on the torque and power factor of permanentmagnet vernier (PMV) machines is studied.It is well known that the short-pitch (SP) winding has shorter end windings but with a lower winding factor.Thus, to achieve the largest torque, the full-pitch (FP) winding is preferred in PMV machines.However, it is found in this study that the SP winding, rather than the FP winding, is a better choice to achieve higher output torque of PMV machine at a high power factor level under the same PM consumption.The advantages of SP winding are even more obvious at higher electric loading and higher power factor levels.The theoretical analysis indicates that both torque and power factors are influenced by the winding factor, providing the possibility of better performance of the SP winding than the FP winding.This is further confirmed by the optimization results after performing the multi-objective optimization considering torque, power factor, and PM consumption.Finally, a prototype is manufactured and tested to validate the analysis.

Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is promising for permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) speed regulation system. However, the control performance of ADRC scheme is generally affected by the measurement noise introduced by position sensors. To solve this problem, a high-order nonlinear extended stated observer (NESO) is proposed in this paper to directly estimate the motor speed. The bode diagrams of the high-order NESO based measurement noise suppression system obtained by frequency-sweep approach are illustrated to show its frequency domain characteristics. Taking full advantage of nonlinear control and high-order observer techniques, the proposed strategy can maintain satisfactory noise suppression performance without sacrificing the robustness of PMSM system. Comprehensive experimental results are conducted to verify the superior properties of the proposed control strategy.

This article presents the analysis of a vernier machine with spoke-V (SV) array permanent magnet (PM), termed SV-PMV. By combining the spoke- and V-array PMs, the topology of SV-PMV is obtained. Based on the general air-gap flux modulation theory, the operating principle of the SV-PMV is investigated. It is found that the main working harmonics can be effectively enhanced by the SV array PM. To provide general design guidelines, the parametric analysis of the SV-PMV is conducted. The electromagnetic performances of three vernier machines are compared by using finite element method (FEM). It is found that the SV-PMV exhibits the highest torque density, the highest power factor, the best overloading capability, and the highest efficiency among three vernier machines.

The existing dead beat-direct torque and flux control under M-T framework (DB-DTFC-MT) strategy achieves fast dynamic response as well as robustness. But by nature, the DB control strategy only uses proportional control which is not able to eliminate the steady-state error when a disturbance happens. To be more specifically, one of the remaining issues in DB-DTFC-MT is when a disturbance caused by motor parameters variation happens, there will be an obvious steady-state error in the torque as well as flux control loops causing deterioration to the control performance. In this paper, active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) technique containing two extended state observers are adopted in DB-DTFC-MT strategy. The designed DB-ADRC strategy is able to estimate as well as compensate the disturbances resulting in the voltage vectors. Hence, the robustness of DB-DTFC-MT to motor parameters mismatch is further improved. The designed control scheme is verified on a real-time control platform in reliance on dSPACE MicroLabBox with a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor.

This paper presents a high power-factor permanent magnet vernier machine (PMVM) employing hybrid concentrated-winding (CW). The hybrid winding, carrying both delta- and star-winding sets, allows for low harmonic tooth-wound coil and satisfied winding factor for PMVM with high gear ratio. Therefore, the torque density of the PMVM can be enhanced with reduced end-winding length and more compact structure. More importantly, the mutual inductances between the three phases and the coils that comprise each phase are reduced to a large extent in the hybrid winding, without deteriorating the output torque capability. As a result, the presented PMVM possesses a lower ratio of inductance to PM flux linkage due to the low-harmonic and low-coupling winding, and hence, improved power factor. Two benchmark PMVMs with identical gear ratio have been optimized for comparison. Further finite element results verify that the proposed CW PMVM presents superior performance in terms of end-winding length, torque density, power factor, and efficiency. It is revealed the proposed hybrid CW PMVM can improve the torque density to 23Nm/L from 21Nm/L and 14Nm/L, with the consideration of end-winding volume, and power factor to 0.86 from 0.72.

This paper proposes a new double-stator flux-switching permanent-magnet rotary-linear (FSPM-RL) motor, in which both linear and rotary motions can be achieved individually and simultaneously. The proposed motor contains two decoupled structures for achieving two degree-of-freedom motions separately by adopting two sets of orthogonally arrayed PMs. Firstly, the topology and flux path for each motion are introduced. Then, the operating principle and analytical equations related to the performance of each motion are presented. Afterwards, the effect of leading parameters on end-effect and force/torque performance are investigated based on 2D finite-element method (FEM). Moreover, the simulation results of optimized design under 2D FEM are verified by 3D FEM. Meanwhile, by using 3D FEM, the performances under helical motion are investigated. Besides, the performances under helical motion are compared with that under the condition of only linear or rotary motion separately. It is indicated that the output force/torque under the helical motion are nearly the same to that with only linear or rotary motion. In such way, the proposed motor shows good ability in decoupling the rotary and linear motion, which is the common issue in RL motors.

This paper presents a new vernier permanent magnet machine (VPMM) with stator-V-shaped permanent-magnet arrangement, termed as (SV-VPMM). The key is to adopt unevenly distributed V-shaped PMs in the stator, which exhibits flux concentration effect and generates abundant working harmonics, thus improving the torque density and PM utilization ratio. Based on the air-gap field modulation theory, the working mechanism of the proposed SV-VPMM is investigated from two perspectives including stator-PM and rotor-PM fields. Then, the electromagnetic performance comparison between the proposed SV-VPMM and an existing VPMM is conducted by using finite element analysis (FEA).

This paper investigates the two-slot pitch winding vernier machine by stator shifting technique (SST). It shows that the conventional two-slot pitch winding vernier machine can be generated by SST with a special stator shift angle. This paper contributes to exploring other shift angles and their influences on machine performances. Analysis results indicate that different shift angles have a great effect on the armature winding magnetomotive force (MMF) harmonic contents and the flux modulation effect. Consequently, the phase inductance, power factor, core losses, and torque capability will be affected. A single-layer 24-slot/10-pole vernier machine is investigated for verification, and the results show that with an appropriate shift angle, the power factor is improved from 0.6 to 0.7, the iron losses are reduced by 24.5%, and the efficiency is improved by 0.7%, with a slight torque drop of 2.9%.

This paper proposes a novel flux switching memory machine (FSMM) in which low coercive force (LCF) magnets are alternatively arranged between adjacent U-shape stator cores. The proposed machine exhibits superiority in flexible online flux regulation capability, large flux regulation range, robust structure and inherent advantage for avoiding uncontrolled generator fault (UGF). Meanwhile, the excitation losses can be almost eliminated since the LCF magnets can be remagnetized or demagnetized by a current pulse of a few milliseconds. The demagnetization risk is avoided due to the parallel pattern between PM flux and armature reaction flux. In addition, the FSMM benefits from a simple and robust salient rotor and easy thermal management as a result. Subsequently, the machine structure and operation principle are illustrated. The stator slot-rotor pole combinations are analyzed. The comprehensive electromagnetic performances are evaluated.

Transportation electrification has attracted much attention in modern society. Among all electrified transportation tools, electric vehicle (EV) is absolutely the one that has great potential to compete with and further take the place of traditional fossil fuel vehicles. This article is to outline and investigate advanced electric machines and their control strategies for EV applications. The key is not only to reveal new design ideas, topologies, structures, methodologies, control strategies, pros and cons, and foresight for advanced electric machines but also to fully integrate these ideas into practical EV applications. This critical review will clarify the development trends of electric machines and their controls.

In order to mitigate the periodic disturbances in voltage-source converter (VSC)-based applications, different techniques have been comprehensively investigated to mitigate these periodic disturbances, either using additional disturbance-mitigation controller or by means of modifying the modulation stage. As well as providing an in-depth analysis of various periodic disturbances in VSC-based applications, this article presents an overview of the controller-based periodic disturbance mitigation techniques. And these techniques, different in concept, can be categorized into two types, i.e., the internal-model-based methods and the feedforward-based methods. The controller prototypes and their variants are comprehensively introduced with motivations and distinct features. The characteristics of different strategies and the corresponding implementation methods are compared and summarized. And the practical issues such as computational burden and frequency adaptability are simultaneously included as well to present a comprehensive illustration. In addition, the characteristics of different strategies are compared and summarized with the aim of providing a clear illustration.

In this paper, a wireless bipolar drive has been proposed and implemented for AC application, which not only performs selective wireless power transfer (WPT), but also secondary-converterless operation for frequency-controllable AC output. The key is to use the proposed self-drive circuit based on the selective WPT with two different resonant frequencies. Besides, the inductor-capacitor-inductor (LCL) compensation network is newly adopted to achieve power equalization so that only one transmitter is needed to serve two receivers and control the low-frequency AC output. As a result, there is no additional battery, controller, and converter at the secondary side and hence the system robustness can be significantly improved. Finally, experimental results are offered to verify the proposed topology.

The twelve papers in this special section present relevant research works concerning identification and observation informatics for energy generation, conversion, and applications. It has always been known that high-performance operation of machines and power converters requires fast dynamic response and accurate regulation of controlled variables. As well as proper design of specific control schemes, accurate acquisition, and knowledge of system information based on parameter identification and state observation is an effective measure to obtain enhanced performances regarding disturbance rejection, sensorless operation, parameter adaption, etc. With the increased emphasis on higher efficiency, effectiveness, reliability, and flexibility in energy generation, conversion, and applications, the level of interest and pace of developments in area of identification and observation have further accelerated and witnessed great breakthrough.

The proposed fault-tolerant flux-reversal doubly-salient (FT-FRDS) magnetless motor drive consists of armature winding for driving and DC-field winding for field excitation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate two remedial strategies for fault-tolerant operations of the proposed motor drive under short-circuit faults. First, short-circuit phase can be disabled and the short-circuit fault can then be regarded as the open-circuit fault. By reconstructing the healthy armature phases, the reduced torque can be remedied and this is known as the fault-tolerant brushless AC (FT-BLAC) operations. Second, short-circuit fault can also be remedied based on the DC-field regulation alone, and this is known as the fault-tolerant DC-field (FT-DC) operation. These two remedial operations are compared and verified by the finite-element-method (FEM).

This paper presents a permanent magnet linear vernier (PMLV) machine which is dedicated for low-speed direct-drive applications. Firstly, the machine operation principle is discussed, and the preliminary design approach is formulated. Then, by applying the analytical calculation method for solving the magnetostatic field problem, the machine structure, especially the stator toothed-pole structure which acts on the field modulation function is optimized. Finally, a PMLV machine is prototyped and implemented for direct-drive wave power generation. Both analytical calculation and experimental verification are given to verify its performances.

This paper presents a dual-memory permanent magnet brushless machine for automotive integrated starter-generator (ISG) application. The key is that the proposed machine adopts two kinds of PM materials, namely NdFeB and AlNiCo for hybrid excitations. Due to the non-linear characteristic of demagnetization curve, AlNiCo can be regulated to operate at different magnetization levels via a magnetizing winding. With this distinct merit, AlNiCo can provide the assistance for online tuning the air-gap flux density. Firstly, the configuration of proposed machine is presented. Secondly, the finite element method (FEM) is applied for the field calculation and performance verification. Finally, both simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed machine is very suitable for the ISG application.

This paper presents a comparison of two chaoized PWM algorithms for motor drives in the electric vehicle (EV), which are the chaotic sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and the chaotic space-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). The SPWM scheme can be chaoized by three modulation methods, including the chaotically amplitude-modulated frequency modulation (CAFM), the chaotically position-modulated position modulation (CPPM), and the hybrid chaotic frequency modulation (HCFM), while the chaotic SVPWM can be fulfilled by the chaotically frequency-modulated frequency modulation (CFFM) and the CAFM methods. The performance indexes used in the comparative analysis are the electromagnetic interference (EMI) and the mechanical resonance (MR). The chaotic PWM algorithm is designed and implemented to increase the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and the mechanical performance for EV motor drives, and the aforementioned performance indexes are compared for the practical applicability.