Visualization is essential to studying and communicating data-intensive information. Small variations in a graph can lead to significantly different perceptions, much of which relies on preattentive attributes. Hundreds of millions of people use right-to-left (RTL) scripts, such as Arabic and Hebrew, and these users are known to perceive graphical information differently than left-to-right (LTR) readers. This study addresses the challenge of designing data visualizations for RTL audiences, whose reading habits can lead to misinterpretation of visual elements like timelines and directional data. Through experiments with direction-sensitive and direction-free stimuli, we examined differences in visual interpretation between RTL and LTR readers. The results highlight a significant effect of reading direction on perception, underscoring the need for adaptive visualization techniques that support diverse reading directions.

The synergistic combination of Diversity and Network Coding (DC-NC) was previously introduced to provide very low end-to-end latency in recovering from a link failure and improve the throughput for a wide variety of network architectures. This paper is directed towards further improving DC-NC to be able to tolerate multiple, simultaneous link failures with less computational complexity. In this way, reliability will be maximized and the recovery time from multiple link or node failures is reduced in 5G fronthaul wireless networks. This is accomplished by modifying Triangular Network Coding (TNC) to create enhanced DC-NC (eDC-NC) that is applied to 5G wireless Fog computing-based Radio Access Networks (Fog-RAN). Our results show that using eDC-NC coding in Fog-RAN fronthaul network will provide ultra-reliability and enable near-instantaneous fault recovery while retaining the throughput improvement feature of DC-NC. In addition, the scalability of eDC-NC coding is demonstrated. Furthermore, it is shown that the redundancy percentage for complete protection is always less than 50% for the practical cases that were evaluated.

This paper is directed towards improving both throughput and reliability of 5G wireless Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RANs) by the synergistic combination of Diversity Coding and Network Coding (DC-NC). In this paper, we directly apply the concept of DC-NC coding to two network scenarios: first, remote radio heads in a CRAN connected to the baseband unit in two hierarchical tiers with optical and wireless fronthaul links, second, most remote radio heads are connected directly to the baseband unit via wireless links. Our results show that the combination of Diversity and Network Coding increases the throughput of fronthaul networks for downlink broadcasting or multicasting applications, while enabling reliable networking with near-instant latency in fault recovery by using forward error control across spatially diverse paths. Moreover, the number of redundant links inherent in Diversity Coding can be decreased using the proposed scheme.

This paper introduces a cooperation-based database caching system for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). The heart of the system is the nodes that cache submitted queries. The queries are used as indices to data cached in nodes that previously requested them. We discuss how the system is formed and how requested data is found if cached, or retrieved from the external database and then cached. Analysis is performed and expressions are derived for the different parameters, including upper and lower bounds for the number of query caching nodes as well as the average load they experience, generated network traffic, node bandwidth consumption, and other performance-related measures. Simulations with the ns-2 software were used to study the performance of the system in terms of average delay and hit ratio, and to compare it with the performance of two other caching schemes for MANETs, namely CachePath and CacheData. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in terms of achieved hit ratio and low delay.

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a telecommunication system architecture that is capable of providing a new class of services for personal mobile devices such as cellular mobile phones and PDAs. The idea is to facilitate pervasive communication and information acquisition for mobile devices by taking advantage of their location and inherent Bluetooth capabilities. This includes providing free-of-charge voice and data services to the subscribers of the system. The offered services can be customized to different environments such as universities, hospitals, and companies. An example prototype implementation with specific services will be presented for the campus of the American University of Beirut.