In this paper, the distributed prescribed-time resilient control problem of the two-dimensional (2-D) plane heterogeneous connected vehicular platooning system (HCVPS) subject to the weaken communication and false data injection (FDI) communication attack threats is investigated. Firstly, for achieving the multi-lane vehicle merging, longitudinal following, and vehicular platooning lane changing, the third-order nonlinear dynamics of the HCVPS on the 2-D plane are considered. By developing the distributed information reconstruction observer, the weaken communication problem of leading vehicle can be mitigated by each following vehicles within a prescribed time. A distributed prescribed-time resilient control modeling framework is proposed that maintains the resilience performance and the desired safety inter-vehicle distance, ensures string stability within a prescribed-time. Finally, the results of Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO)-Simulink joint experimental platform and comparison cases are shown to verify the effectiveness of the developed scheme.

Edge computing improves the performance of Internet of Things (IoT) devices by moving cloud services closer to where these devices operate, thereby reducing delays and saving bandwidth. However, the IoT devices communicate wirelessly with edge servers, which creates a significant challenge in keeping the devices' locations private, especially when they use different methods. To address this, researchers have proposed various methods. However, these methods require a lot of computational power and storage, which makes them unsuitable for edge computing environments. To address these challenges, we propose a certificateless cryptography (CLC) and identity-based cryptography (IBC) based heterogeneous deniable authentication (CI-HDA) scheme. It enables an IoT device operating CLC to securely communicate with an edge server using IBC. The server verifies the devices authenticity without proving its participation to third parties, which ensures location privacy in edge computing environments. Additionally, our scheme supports batch verification, which enables the server to efficiently validate multiple authenticators simultaneously. The security of CI-HDA scheme is formally proven in the random oracle model, and performance evaluations demonstrate reduced computational and communication/storage overheads compared to existing methods. We also explored its application in military surveillance, which highlights its practicality in privacy-sensitive edge computing environments.

Edge computing brings cloud services closer to Internet of Things (IoT) devices by processing data at the edge of the network, reducing latency and bandwidth usage. However, preserving the location privacy of IoT devices is a major challenge due to the heterogeneous, open wireless, and dynamic nature of the edge computing environments. The authentication process in this context may potentially disclose the device’s location, as IoT devices and edge server often rely on different security mechanisms. To address this concern, researchers have proposed various schemes to preserve location privacy. However, these schemes often incur high computational and communication overhead, making them unsuitable for IoT devices, which have limited processing power and storage capacity. In response to this challenge, we present a heterogeneous deniable authentication scheme based on certificateless cryptography (CLC) and public-key infrastructure (PKI), abbreviated as CP-HDA. This scheme enables an IoT device in a CLC to securely transmit messages to an edge server in a PKI. Using the CP-HDA scheme, the edge server can verify the legitimacy of the IoT device but cannot provide evidence to third parties regarding the device’s involvement in communication, thereby preserving the location privacy of the IoT device. It also supports batch verification, which enables faster verification of multiple deniable authenticators. The security of the CP-HDA scheme is formally proven in the random oracle model based on the assumption that the elliptic curve computational Diffie-Hellman problem is hard. In comparison to alternative schemes, our scheme enhances performance by reducing both computational and communication costs.

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is one of the more sophisticated methods of homomorphic cryptography (HC). HC efficiently contacts the interacting parties in open IoT and light-weighted network environments. This approach is capable of analyzing encrypted data without decryption. The operations use private and public keys. Then, during the assessment or evaluation, users may access the original data. Before conducting tests or evaluations, the customer must first encrypt the data and then decrypt it. Since consumers use several main cycles for the whole operation, which creates noise and computation overheads, the growth rate of computation overheads has increased. The growing ratio of noise to computation rate can interrupt the whole system, resulting in machine instability, protection, and privacy concerns. To resolve the security and privacy issues, the proposed schemes used different hardness assumptions, such as over-integer, learning with error, ideal lattices, bootstrapping, etc. In this article, we presents a comprehensive review of HE and its many varieties. The numerous possible applications of HE are covered at a high level in order to highlight the extent to which HE is used in the IoT and other lighted-weighted intelligent industry environments in a variety of various domains.

With recent progress in Internet of Things technology, it is becoming more and more commonplace to use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for inconsiderable purposes. On the other hand, traditional all of these UAV networks adopt a susceptible open wireless communication, rendering these systems vulnerable to attacks like eavesdropping, tampering, interrupting, and forging. The most effective way to address these security challenges is through signcryption. However, current signcryption methods are computationally and bandwidth-intensive, making them unsuitable for UAVs with limited resources and ground stations (GS) handling a high volume of messages. To address these challenges, we propose a solution employing an identity-based online/offline signcryption scheme to secure communication from a UAV to GS, known as IOOSC-U2G. This scheme leverages elliptic curve cryptography without the need for time-intensive operations like bilinear pairing. During the online phase, the absence of point multiplication operations, already executed in the offline phase, significantly alleviates computational burdens. This optimization significantly reduces computational overhead throughout the entire signcryption process of messages. Moreover, the IOOSC-U2G scheme ensures the privacy of UAV identities during communication with GS. Additionally, the proposed scheme empowers the GS to verify multiple inputs at once through batch verification method. We demonstrate that within the random oracle model, the IOOSC-U2G scheme guarantees security, specifically confidentiality and unforgeability, relying on the computational hardness assumptions of the elliptic curve inverse Computational Diffie-Hellman problem and the elliptic Discrete Logarithm problem, respectively. Moreover, our scheme outperforms current methods, particularly in computational and communication efficiency.

This article considers the tracking control of nonlinear system with state constraints and faults. A fuzzy tolerant control approach on adaptive sliding-mode observer is proposed to accomplish good tracking performance. Firstly, for the purpose of getting the unknown state, a state estimator based on the fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) is designed. Secondly, a fuzzy observer by variable structure method is posed to approximate the faults, and the finite time convergence of observation error is proven. Furthermore, a two-layer nested adaptive law is constructed to improve the observer. Thirdly, a fuzzy backstepping tolerant controller based on super-twisting differentiator is proposed. In which, the barrier Lyapunov function is designed to counter the state constraints, and the super-twisting estimator is employed to estimate the derivative of virtual control input. Finally, two simulation results are analyzed to demonstrate the potential of the developed schemes.

In this paper, the distributed optimal control for vehicular platoons with quantized states and control inputs is studied and the preservation of vehicles’ privacy is investigated. Firstly, the structure of system composed of cloud servers, eavesdroppers, and the vehicular platoon with unknown nonlinear dynamics and disturbance is established. Secondly, to restrain the uncertainty and nonlinearity, a policy iteration algorithm integrating quantized control inputs is proposed to stabilize vehicles without knowing their dynamics. The optimality and convergence of the iteration are proved rigorously. Then, the algorithm is utilized by the actor-critic framework with quantized states and control inputs. Due to the reason that conventional distributed control approaches for platoon will inevitably leak privacy, by introducing leveled fully homomorphic encryption, the actor-critic framework is modified to work in a privacy-preserving manner, and the privacy of each vehicle is protected from unauthorized entities. Finally, the comparison results demonstrate that with proposed scheme, the average instant cost of each vehicle is improved (at least 56.52% under experiment condition) and the stability, efficiency and security of system with proposed method are verified by simulations.

This article is concerned with the issue of distributed adaptive fixed-time fuzzy resilient control (DAFTFRC) for the heterogeneous connected vehicular platoon (HCVP) system subject to deception attacks and unknown external disturbances. First, an effective fixed-time disturbance observer (FTDO) is introduced to quickly estimate the unknown external disturbance of the platoon. Then, the DAFTFRC framework is designed to satisfy the internal stability and the string stability under the deception attacks in a settling time by introducing the improved event-triggered mechanism (IETM). Correspondingly, by employing the IETM, the interevent execution intervals are prolonged, and the execution rate of the actuator can also be significantly reduced. Ample and rigorous theoretical analysis proves the internal stability and string stability in sense of the practical fixed-time stability. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed scheme is substantiated by the comparison examples and the SUMO-MATLAB joint simulation platform.

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV), which is an extension of traditional vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), ensures the provision of safe and efficient vehicular communications. However, the burgeoning IoV faces several challenges in terms of traffic information security and vehicle identity privacy during wireless transmission. Generally, vehicles move faster on the highway necessitating the use of reliable technology to communicate with infrastructure on the roadside efficiently and securely. Lately, researchers have proposed several different message dissemination methods for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. However, they suffer from different concerns (i.e., security weaknesses, computationally heavy, and high communication/storage overhead); therefore, they are unreliable for delay-sensitive communications. To cope with this, we come up with an enhanced certificateless and identity-based offline/online heterogeneous signcryption (CIOOHSC) protocol for V2I communications in edge computing-based IoV to simultaneously achieve confidentiality, integrity, authentication, non-repudiation, and identity anonymity in a logically single step. The CIOOHSC protocol allows a vehicle in certificateless cryptography to transmit a message to an edge node in identity-based cryptography. In the online phase, there are no point multiplication operations as they are already carried out in the offline phase. This reduces the computational load considerably in the online phase. Furthermore, our protocol enables the edge node to aggregate multiple messages and process them simultaneously to boost performance. The CIOOHSC protocol’s security is proved in the random oracle model under the hard problems’ assumptions. Our protocol outperforms recent similar schemes in terms of computational complexity, communication/storage overhead, and average transmission delay, according to the performance evaluation findings.

This article concentrates on the distributed adaptive secure control on lane change maneuver of interconnected unmanned vehicular platoon (IUVP) system which is established base on vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) technology, while the whole system exposed to compound cyber attacks, including Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack and replay attack. Firstly, with a VANET based information flow communication topology, an IUVP system including longitudinal and lateral dynamics is considered in this paper. Then a distributed secure platoon lane change control scheme is designed by using recursive method to guarantee the stability and robustness of the whole systems under compound attacks. An event triggered mechanism is designed to save communication bandwidth. The stability of the whole system is then verified via rigorous mathematical proof. Finally, the IUVP system is tested by utilizing MATLAB-Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) joint simulation platform, the feasibility of the proposed strategy in relative realistic environment is confirmed, and provide the root mean square error to evaluate the safety control performance of the system.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), an application of the Internet of Things (IoT) providing a better intelligent transportation system (ITS), has received substantial attention from both industry and academia. Heterogeneous vehicular communications in VANETs occur when both vehicles and the infrastructure use different cryptographic technologies to exchange safety messages. However, the safety messages between vehicles and the infrastructure are communicated wirelessly; therefore, security issues are a serious concern in this domain. The existing schemes secure the transmission of safety messages with respect to confidentiality, authentication, and nonrepudiation. However, they are inappropriate with respect to efficiency. They cause computational overhead on the receiver and bandwidth overhead in the communications. To cope with this, we propose an elliptic curve cryptosystem-based hybrid signcryption (ECCHSC) protocol that satisfies the security requirements (i.e., message confidentiality, message’s source authentication, message integrity, nonrepudiation, and identity–anonymity) for heterogeneous vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications in a single logical step. This protocol allows secure transmission of a safety message from a vehicle using identity-based cryptography (IDC) to a roadside unit (RSU) using public-key infrastructure (PKI). In addition, the ECCHSC protocol enables the RSU to receive multiple ciphertexts, aggregate them, and de-signcrypt them simultaneously through the batch de-signcryption method, which further improves the performance. The ECCHSC protocol has indistinguishability against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks (IND-CCA2) and existential unforgeability against adaptive chosen message attacks (EUF-CMAs) in the random oracle model (ROM). The performance analysis of our protocol demonstrates a significant reduction in computational overhead and in communication/storage overhead as compared to the state-of-the-art schemes.

This paper investigates the problem of the interconnected heterogeneous vehicular platoon in the presence of actuator fault of a vehicle, actuator saturation, and complex environment disturbances such as road slope, wind gust, and so on. First of all, a quadratic spacing error policy is applied to improve the vehicle platoon stability despite any vehicle suffering from actuator fault. Then, adaptive estimation laws are introduced to tackle the complex environment disturbances and the unknown upper bound of the actuator saturation approximation function. A robust adaptive sliding mode resilient control law is proposed to achieve the resilient ability and ensure the platoon system recover to the stable states in finite-time even if the occurrence of actuator fault. Finally, the string stability in finite-time of the platoon system is proved, the interconnected heterogeneous vehicular platoon system with seven vehicles is utilized to demonstrate the validity of the proposed control scheme.

This paper investigates the distributed fault-tolerant control problem for the heterogeneous vehicular platoon system (HVPS) suffering from actuator faults, saturation, and external disturbances. Firstly, an exponential spacing policy is developed to tackle the string stability (SS) and traffic flow stability issues when the actuator faults occur. Then, a nonlinear observer is developed to estimate the saturation approximation error, bias fault, and external disturbances. Moreover, to achieve the SS of the whole system in finite-time and fault tolerance ability, a distributed adaptive fault-tolerant control scheme based on bidirectional-leader information flow topology is proposed. Adaptive estimation laws are also involved to estimate and update the unknown parameters, in which the effect of actuator saturation can be compensated. Finally, the SS in finite-time and traffic flow stability of the closed-loop system are proved, respectively. Experiment results and comparisons demonstrate the feasibly and advantages of the method.

Lightweight authentication is one of the solutions proposed in order to reduce the time required for authentication during vertical handoff across heterogeneous networks. Reducing the handoff latency is considered to be a challenging issue. It arises when a user requires maintaining its service continuity while traveling across heterogeneous networks. For example, a mobile user may change access networks while being engaged in different scenarios, such as browsing Internet, using real-time applications or collaborating in cooperative information systems. Delay in the vertical handoff creates many problems, i.e. packet loss, service interruption, security problems, etc. Fast and lightweight authentication schemes are always tempted in such application domains because of many benefits, for instance seamless and efficient handoff, service continuity, guaranteed quality of service (QoS) and suitability for real-time applications while maintaining security. Various techniques have been proposed in this domain to reduce authentication delay. However, these methods do not fully address all the issues in the problem domain; for example, these methods have deficiencies in terms of security, monetary cost, signaling cost and packet latency. In this paper, a comparative study of different lightweight authentication methods is presented but the main focus of this work is one of the different implementations. An overview of major problems and their solutions are presented along with their strengths and limitations. Different emerging research areas are also presented in the domain of lightweight authentication in the vertical handoff.