This paper presents a new video coder that operates below 16 kbps and other rates below 64 kbps. The coder uses a quadtree-based hierarchical structure and a distortion measure that controls which levels of the hierarchy are selected. This paper also introduces a cache motion predictor that is based on the principles of designing cache memory. The motion cache can significantly reduce the bit-rate in coding motion vectors while also reducing the computational complexity when compared to the full-search block matching algorithm. The 10 frame/sec QCIF color Miss America sequence was coded with an average Y-PSNR of 35.52 dB at 16 kbps.

A theoretical lower bound on the number of points required in the decomposition of morphological structuring elements is described. It is shown that the decomposition of an arbitrary N-point structuring element will require at least (3 ln N/ln 3)points. Using this lower bound it is possible to find the optimal decompositions (in terms of the minimum number of unions or the minimum number of points) for all one-dimensional connected line segments. L-dimensional rectangles may be decomposed by optimally decomposing the L one-dimensional line segments that describe the rectangle.>

A LISP based system is described for performing the automatic manipulation and analysis of morphological expressions. The system is capable of four types of symbolic manipulations: expression simplification, equivalent-form generation, signal-property analysis, and dual-form generation. The different types of knowledge that need to be represented in such a system include morphological system knowledge, signal and structuring element knowledge, and knowledge about the interaction of signals and morphological systems. As integral components of the analysis system, signals and structuring elements are represented by abstract classes which are distinguished by their properties. In addition, actual structuring elements are also represented and may be used with both abstract signals and abstract structuring elements. The interaction of signals, structuring elements, and systems is determined by a collection of morphological rule bases.>