Data centers frequently face significant memory under-utilization due to factors such as infrastructure overprovisioning, inefficient workload scheduling, and limited server configurations. This paper introduces Agile-DRAM, a novel DRAM architecture that addresses this issue by flexibly converting the under-utilized memory capacity into enhanced latency performance and reduced power consumption. Through minor modifications to the conventional DRAM architecture, Agile-DRAM supports multiple operational modes: low-latency, lowpower, and the default max-capacity mode. Notably, Agile-DRAM facilitates agile transitions between these modes in response to workload fluctuations in data centers at runtime. Evaluation results demonstrate that the low-latency mode can boost singlecore execution speed by up to 25.8% and diminish energy usage by up to 22.4%. Similarly, the low-power mode can reduce DRAM standby and self-refresh power by 31.6% and 85.7%, respectively.

DRAM vendors utilize On-Die Error Correction Codes (OD-ECC) to correct random bit errors internally. Meanwhile, system companies utilize Rank-Level ECC (RL-ECC) to protect data against chip errors. Separate protection increases the redundancy ratio to 32.8% in DDR5 and incurs significant performance penalties. This paper proposes a novel RL-ECC, Unity ECC, that can correct both singlechip and double-bit error patterns. Unity ECC corrects doublebit errors using unused syndromes of single-chip correction. Our evaluation shows that Unity ECC without OD-ECC can provide the same reliability level as Chipkill RL-ECC with OD-ECC. Moreover, it can significantly improve system performance and reduce DRAM energy and area by eliminating OD-ECC.

Cells assemble numerous types of actomyosin bundles that generate contractile forces for biological processes, such as cytokinesis and cell migration. One example of contractile bundles is a transverse arc that forms via actomyosin-driven condensation of actin filaments in the lamellipodia of migrating cells and exerts significant forces on the surrounding environments. Structural reorganization of a network into a bundle facilitated by actomyosin contractility is a physiologically relevant and biophysically interesting process. Nevertheless, it remains elusive how actin filaments are reoriented, buckled, and bundled as well as undergo tension buildup during the structural reorganization. In this study, using an agent-based computational model, we demonstrated how the interplay between the density of myosin motors and cross-linking proteins and the rigidity, initial orientation, and turnover of actin filaments regulates the morphological transformation of a cross-linked actomyosin network into a bundle and the buildup of tension occurring during the transformation.