The purpose of this study is to investigate collaborative image data interaction in social science and humanities research tasks. Since the use of images as research data has expanded during the last decade, we necessitate investigating interactions with image data to support scholarly work better. As earlier studies have focused mostly on collaboration between scholars or collaboration during some specific activity, this study aims to provide a more holistic understanding by covering several types of collaborative activities and actors throughout the data interaction process. The mixed methods analysis is based on qualitative interviews with 21 scholars who utilize images collected from external sources. During the interviews, scholars provided accounts of image data uses in previous or ongoing research tasks. These include tasks conducted alone (n=4), in loosely (n=10) and tightly (n=7) knit groups. The findings indicate that image data interaction is collaborative by nature and takes forms of contributions, coordination, cooperation, and collaboration as presented in the model by Shah [53]. The share of contributions is high, as scholars often receive image data from study participants and organizations. Collaborative activities are done with internal academic, external academic, and non-academic actors, but their roles vary depending on the type of collaborative activity. Collaborative activities take place throughout the image data interaction process and happen particularly during the data gathering and synthesizing and reporting stages. Future research should aim to integrate collaborative activities into models of data interaction, as they represent fundamental ways of working regardless of the type of the research task.

Abstract On account of the complexities related to the use of digitized newspapers, researchers may encounter barriers when interacting with the collections' content. Overcoming barriers that could influence their information interaction should enhance the accessibility and utility of the newspapers. Hence, the study examined the barriers faced in history‐research tasks involving interaction with digitized historical newspapers, with focus on the barriers' contexts and the related task‐based activities. The analysis employed two datasets, from in‐depth interviews and demonstrations of newspaper‐use situations. Content analysis from these complementary data showed that barriers arose in multiple contexts, connected with the collection, task, tools, and socio‐organizational setting. Most barriers were associated with collection context and occurred in information searching and selection activities and in working with information items. Barriers related to the task or to socio‐organizational context arose most often in the planning and monitoring activities and in synthesizing and reporting. Such research‐based insight into the barriers faced can aid in illuminating what is required for providing good support to researchers working with digital newspaper content.