There are many methods for indoor positioning. These methods are divided into the relative localization and absolute localization. In the relative localization, one widely used method is Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR). Relative localization estimates the moving distance, orientation, and height of the pedestrian. However, relative localization has a problem caused by an accumulated error: the longer the path, the worse the accuracy of relative localization. There is another problem in the existing evaluating metrics: they compare only the actual location and the estimated location of the destination. Relative localization also has this evaluation problem. We propose PIEM: Path Independent Evaluation Metric for Relative Localization. PIEM is a path independent evaluation metric, considering the complexity of the path; distance, orientation, and height. Then we evaluate these three factors of relative localization in addition to the position. Our proposed method showed more consistent results for the complexity of the path than the existing methods of relative localization evaluation.

This paper proposes a method for generating a pipeline processor from the behavior description of instructions. In the proposed method, a micro-operation description is generated by complementing the behavior description with specifications of the pipeline stages, such as the number of pipeline stages, the attributes of each stage. From the behavior description, software development tools, such as an instruction-set simulator (ISS), a compiler, and an assembler can be generated, and a synthesizable HDL description of a processor can be generated from the micro-operation description. Compared with the conventional method of writing individual descriptions, the proposed method can dramatically reduce the code size of the architectural description language and the design time without degrading the design quality. As a result, a design space exploration can be performed efficiently.

We assume a back-end type relational data base machine equipped with multiple dedicated engines for relational database operations. Response characteristics are evaluated, and some parallel control techniques are considered for improved response time by simulating the database machine in executing relational database operations using these engines in parallel.