Aditya Yadavalli, Tiago Pimentel, Tamar I Regev, Ethan Gotlieb Wilcox, Alex Warstadt. Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2026.

Tamar I Regev, Chiebuka Ohams, Shaylee Xie, Lukas Wolf, Evelina Fedorenko, Alex Warstadt, Ethan Wilcox, Tiago Pimentel. Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2025.

Ethan Wilcox, Cui Ding, Giovanni Acampa, Tiago Pimentel, Alex Warstadt, Tamar I Regev. Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2025.

Prosody-the suprasegmental component of speech, including pitch, loudness, and tempocarries critical aspects of meaning.However, the relationship between the information conveyed by prosody vs. by the words themselves remains poorly understood.We use large language models (LLMs) to estimate how much information is redundant between prosody and the words themselves.Using a large spoken corpus of English audiobooks, we extract prosodic features aligned to individual words and test how well they can be predicted from LLM embeddings, compared to non-contextual word embeddings.We find a high degree of redundancy between the information carried by the words and prosodic information across several prosodic features, including intensity, duration, pauses, and pitch contours.Furthermore, a word's prosodic information is redundant with both the word itself and the context preceding as well as following it.Still, we observe that prosodic features can not be fully predicted from text, suggesting that prosody carries information above and beyond the words.Along with this paper, we release a general-purpose data processing pipeline for quantifying the relationship between linguistic information and extra-linguistic features.https://github.com/lu-wo/ quantifying-redundancy