3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as a groundbreaking technique in the realm of photorealistic and real-time novel view rendering, garnering significant attention across diverse disciplines, including photogrammetry, remote sensing, and computer vision. Despite its remarkable capabilities, 3DGS encounters substantial challenges when applied to scenarios involving glossy or reflective materials, which exhibit pronounced variations in appearance from different viewing angles. To address this limitation, we introduce Glossy-Gaussian, a plug-and-play integration based on 3DGS for glossy scene reconstruction with real-time synthesis. Specifically, we enhance the view-adaptive spherical harmonic (SH)-based Gaussian kernel to introduce anisotropy to the transparency field, enabling the Gaussian field to accurately represent smooth and specular reflective regions without compromising rendering speed. Furthermore, we extend the capabilities of this Gaussian kernel to incorporate rotation and scaling, facilitating the directional decoding of both properties at the same Gaussian position. Our experimental results demonstrate that our approach significantly improves rendering quality in glossy scenes, as evidenced by increases inPSNR,SSIM, andLPIPSvalues, and achieves state-of-the-art performance compared to existing methods.

Due to the large path loss in millimeter wave (mmWave) band, the transmission path between transmitter (Tx) and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is considered as a Rayleigh fading channel, and a physics-based channel model is proposed for IRS-assisted mmWave communication system in urban scenario. Also, the horizontal and vertical rotation angles of IRS and the relationship between the scattering gain of IRS reflecting unit and its effective aperture in the incident direction and the desired reflection direction are considered in the proposed model. For the considered communication scenario, the existing reflection phases, which are designed to align the virtual line-of-sight (VLoS) components among Tx, IRS, and receiver (Rx) with the LoS components between Tx and Rx, are not the appropriate reflection phases. Based on the proposed model, we first obtain the statistical phases of the virtual scattering components within a cluster by minimizing phase differences between different IRS reflection units, and then obtain the reflection phases by minimizing the phase differences of the derived statistical phases for all clusters. By comparing with the existing reflection phases, the designed reflection phases can significantly enhance the system performance gains of mmWave communications. Using the designed reflection phases, the expressions of received signal power and upper bound of ergodic sum capacity are derived in this paper, which are validated by using Monte-Carlo simulation results. Numerical results show that the proposed mmWave channel model could accurately simulate the propagation characteristics of IRS. Also, numerical results show that the performance gains of IRS-assisted systems are equivalent to that of large-scale communication systems without using IRS.