Battery simulation models play a pivotal role in comprehending the intricacies of internal electrochemical reactions within batteries, thereby ensuring electric vehicle power systems' safe and efficient functioning. Among the numerous concerns, the prediction of battery lifespan and the comprehension of side reactions under extreme conditions are of paramount importance. This study aims to design an electrochemical model that considers multiple side reactions to predict the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries in high temperature environments. First, a basic simulation framework is established using an electrochemical-mechanical coupling model. Subsequently, through the disassembly experiment of aged batteries, five distinct types of secondary reactions are delineated, encompassing phenomena such as the cracking of negative electrode particle, the growth of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), the oxidation of electrolyte and the decomposition/deposition of active materials. Building upon these elucidated aging mechanisms, a comprehensive battery lifespan prediction model is constructed by integrating multiple aging factors. Finally, the accuracy of the life prediction is validated using high temperature cycling data. The conclusions reveal that electrolyte decomposition and the loss of active material are the primary causes of battery degradation under high temperature conditions.

MOTIVATION: Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), play key roles in many biological processes. However, only a few tools can be used to develop the optimal primer or probe design for the expression profile of small ncRNAs. Here, we developed sRNAPrimerDB, the first automated primer designing and query web service for small ncRNAs. RESULTS: The primer online designing module of sRNAPrimerDB is composed of primer design algorithms and quality evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer. Five types of primers, namely, generic or specific reverse transcription primers, specific PCR primers pairs, TaqMan probe, double-hairpin probe and hybridization probe for different small ncRNA detection methods, can be designed and searched using this service. The quality of PCR primers is further evaluated using melting temperature, primer dimer, hairpin structure and specificity. Moreover, the sequence and size of each amplicon are also provided for the subsequent experiment verification. At present, 531 306 and 2 941 669 primer pairs exist across 223 species for miRNAs and piRNAs, respectively, according to sRNAPrimerDB. Several primers designed by sRNAPrimerDB are further successfully validated by subsequent experiments. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: sRNAPrimerDB is a valuable platform that can be used to detect small ncRNAs. This module can be publicly accessible at http://www.srnaprimerdb.com or http://123.57.239.141. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

With the developments of network technologies, many mechanisms have been introduced to improve system performance in cluster systems by exploiting remote idle memory. However, none of them can satisfy the requirements from different applications. Most methods can only improve the performance of a particular type of applications but not for others. One important reason is they failed to provide unified interfaces. In this paper, we propose collaborative memory pool (CMP) to solve this problems. CMP brings scalability and high performance. It has five features: (1) Providing malloc-like interfaces, block device interfaces and kernel API for different applications, which benefit both user-level and kernel-level applications; (2) Retaining traditional VM mechanism, programmers and uses have the freedom to select CMP or not; (3) Improving kernel applications performance by eliminating remote swapping; (4) Avoiding loan while in debt problem with dynamic workload; (5) Providing optional memory servers to further improve performance. In our testbed with CMP-based swap devices, Qsort gets 83.28% improvement comparing with the case using disk-based swap devices.