Patients and healthcare authorities frequently lack confidence in one another when it comes to the security of their medical records in healthcare settings. Particularly when it comes to patient data management, hospitals are infamous for having inadequate security and have long been the target of cyberattacks. Using blockchain technology to store medical records has drawbacks, including an excessive dependence on centralised cloud servers for key storage, privacy concerns and the potential for attackers to deduce personal information about patients based on their blockchain activity. A system where patients have autonomy over their medical records and who can view them is a promising scenario. This article provides a framework for indexing and securing a user’s medical records, with emphasis placed on the healthcare setting using an Ethereum blockchain. The records are secured using biometric authentication and the patient’s Personal Identifiable Information (PII). The patient can grant and revoke access to their records to individual healthcare authorities, and the Interplanetary Name System (IPNS) is used for off-chain record storage. The framework is modular and can be adapted for use in other environments, such as proof of ownership of tickets, and storing travel documents for verification by border control. A smart contract is used to store the hashes of the patient’s iris scans on an Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) compatible blockchain. Privacy-preserving identifiers are used to anonymise the patient and where their records are stored on the blockchain. Our approach is to the best of our knowledge the only one that simultaneously offers encryption, anonymity, unlinkability and efficient off-chain storage. Additionally, our approach is the only approach we are aware of that provides record revocability.

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has increased security concerns, particularly regarding malware threats. The static and dynamic analysis of malware signatures and behaviour patterns used by current malware detection technologies is time-consuming and have proven to be ineffective for unknown malware detection in real-time. This paper proposes a Next-Gen IoT Security using Polar Codes-based Cryptography for Malware Defense through Quantum Self-Attention Neural Network (NGIT-PCBC-MD-QSANN) for enhancing malware detection and secure data transmission in IoT environments. The framework integrates advanced pre-processing using Multi-Aspect Co-Attentional Collaborative Filtering (MAACF) to address the data irregularities and employs the Signed Cumulative Distribution Transform (SCDT) for extracting contextual features and trust rating. After extraction, the malware detection is performed using Quantum Self-Attention Neural Network (QSANN). It leverages quantum-inspired mechanisms for accurate classification of attacks such as DoS, probe, anomaly and R2L. The Polar Codes-based Cryptography (PCBC) is used with cryptographic key optimization managed by the Multi-Objective Fitness Dependent Optimizer Algorithm (MOFDOA) to ensure secure communication. The experimental results demonstrates high accuracy of 99.5%, precision of 96% and low error rate of 5% when compared with existing methods such as: Enhancement of IoT device security with an Improved Elliptic Curve Cryptography algorithm and malware detection utilizing deep LSTM: High-Confidence Computing (EIDS-IECC-MDUL), An Advance Encryption and Attack Detection Framework for Securing Smart Cities Data in Blockchain using Deep Learning Approach:Wireless Personal Communications (AE-ADF-SSCD-BUDL), an optimized hybrid deep neural network architecture for intrusion detection in real‐time IoT networks (AOH-DNNA-IDRIN) respectively.

Abstract As the number and characteristics of smart devices change, the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) emerges. The IoT provides the connected devices with a variety of resources that enable effective communication. At this point, several security issues arise to get the sensitive information behind every communication in the IoT. To provide users with security and privacy, cryptographic schemes are adopted, the most popular being public key cryptographic systems (PKC). However, with the advent of quantum computing, the level of security that can be provided by the PKC schemes is a big question. Another important issue is that the IoT environment is resource‐constrained, which necessitates the implementation of lightweight cryptographic algorithms for better security. In response to these issues, the post‐quantum cryptographic (PQC) schemes are one of the significant developments contributing to IoT security in the post‐quantum world. This article examines the key security issues in the IoT environment and examines the effective solutions found in the literature. The problems in IoT in the quantum era are discussed and appropriate solutions by PKC schemes under limited resources in IoT are focused. As the lattice‐based cryptosystems are more effective, the importance of these schemes in the resource‐constrained IoT is highlighted. This survey also leads to feasible future directions that can support developers and researchers in this field.