Mobile markets allow developers to easily distribute mobile apps worldwide and collect complaints and feature requests in the form of user reviews and star ratings. Therefore, internationalization (i18n) of apps is a highly desired feature, which is currently supported in mobile platforms by using resources flies with strings that can be internationalized manually. This manual translation can be a time consuming and error-prone task when the app is targeted for different languages and the amount of strings to be internationalized is large. Moreover, the lack of consideration of the impact of internationalized, strings can drive to collateral (i.e., unexpected) changes and bugs in the GUI layout of apps. In this paper, we present an empirical study on how i18n can impact the GUIs of Android apps. In particular, we investigated the changes, bugs and bad practices related to GUIs when strings of a given default language (i.e., English in this case) are translated to 7 different languages. To this, we created a source- codeless approach, ITDroid, for automatically (i) translating strings, and (ii) detecting bad practices and collateral changes introduced in the GUIs of Android apps after translation. ITDroid was used on a set of 31 Android apps and their translated versions. Then, we manually validated the i18n changes that introduced bugs into the GUIs of the translated apps. Based on these results, we present a taxonomy of i18n changes and bugs found along in the apps as well as implications of our findings for practitioners and researchers. Online appendix: https://thesoftwaredesignlab.github.io/ITDroid/.

The amount of Android application is having a tremendous increasing trend, exerting pressure over practitioners and researchers around application quality, frequent releases, and quick fixing of bugs. This pressure leads practitioners to make usage of automated approaches based on using source-code as input. Nevertheless, third-party services are not able to use these approaches due to privacy factors. In this paper we present MutAPK, an open source mutation testing tool that enables the usage of APK as input for this task. MutAPK generates mutants without the need of having access to source code, because the mutations are done in an intermediate representation of the code (i.e., SMALI) that does not require compilation. MutAPK is publicly available at GitHub: https://bit.ly/2KYvgP9 VIDEO: https://bit.ly/2WOjiyy.