"COVID-19 has far-reaching global impacts on health, economics, society, education, politics, and the environment. While vaccines are crucial, the threat persists. Our paper introduces a sentiment-based COVID-19 vaccine recommender system using Twitter data. By applying preprocessing and leveraging a novel CT-BERT_CONVLayerFusion model within a random forest ensemble, we classify tweets into seven sentiment categories. Additionally, we perform aspect-based review categorization. Comparative analysis demonstrates that our approach surpasses state-of-the-art models, achieving superior accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-measure. This advanced method aids in combatting COVID-19 and mitigating vaccine hesitancy by offering personalized vaccine recommendations based on individual concerns."

The world has to face health concerns due to huge spread of COVID. For this reason, the development of vaccine is the need of hour. The higher vaccine distribution, the higher the immunity against coronavirus. Therefore, there is a need to analyse the people's sentiment for the vaccine campaign. Today, social media is the rich source of data where people share their opinions and experiences by their posts, comments or tweets. In this study, we have used the twitter data of vaccines of COVID and analysed them using methods of artificial intelligence and geo-spatial methods. We found the polarity of the tweets using the TextBlob() function and categorized them. Then, we designed the word clouds and classified the sentiments using the BERT model. We then performed the geo-coding and visualized the feature points over the world map. We found the correlation between the feature points geographically and then applied hotspot analysis and kernel density estimation to highlight the regions of positive, negative or neutral sentiments. We used precision, recall and F score to evaluate our model and compare our results with the state-of-the-art methods. The results showed that our model achieved 55% & 54% precision, 69% & 85% recall and 58% & 64% F score for positive class and negative class respectively. Thus, these sentimental and spatial analysis helps in world-wide pandemics by identify the people's attitudes towards the vaccines.

Abstract Since the spread of the coronavirus flu in 2019 (hereafter referred to as COVID-19), millions of people worldwide have been affected by the pandemic, which has significantly impacted our habits in various ways. In order to eradicate the disease, a great help came from unprecedentedly fast vaccines development along with strict preventive measures adoption like lockdown. Thus, world wide provisioning of vaccines was crucial in order to achieve the maximum immunization of population. However, the fast development of vaccines, driven by the urge of limiting the pandemic caused skeptical reactions by a vast amount of population. More specifically, the people’s hesitancy in getting vaccinated was an additional obstacle in fighting COVID-19. To ameliorate this scenario, it is important to understand people’s sentiments about vaccines in order to take proper actions to better inform the population. As a matter of fact, people continuously update their feelings and sentiments on social media, thus a proper analysis of those opinions is an important challenge for providing proper information to avoid misinformation. More in detail, sentiment analysis (Wankhade et al. in Artif Intell Rev 55(7):5731–5780, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-022-10144-1 ) is a powerful technique in natural language processing that enables the identification and classification of people feelings (mainly) in text data. It involves the use of machine learning algorithms and other computational techniques to analyze large volumes of text and determine whether they express positive, negative or neutral sentiment. Sentiment analysis is widely used in industries such as marketing, customer service, and healthcare, among others, to gain actionable insights from customer feedback, social media posts, and other forms of unstructured textual data. In this paper, Sentiment Analysis will be used to elaborate on people reaction to COVID-19 vaccines in order to provide useful insights to improve the correct understanding of their correct usage and possible advantages. In this paper, a framework that leverages artificial intelligence (AI) methods is proposed for classifying tweets based on their polarity values. We analyzed Twitter data related to COVID-19 vaccines after the most appropriate pre-processing on them. More specifically, we identified the word-cloud of negative, positive, and neutral words using an artificial intelligence tool to determine the sentiment of tweets. After this pre-processing step, we performed classification using the BERT + NBSVM model to classify people’s sentiments about vaccines. The reason for choosing to combine bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) and Naive Bayes and support vector machine (NBSVM ) can be understood by considering the limitation of BERT-based approaches, which only leverage encoder layers, resulting in lower performance on short texts like the ones used in our analysis. Such a limitation can be ameliorated by using Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine approaches that are able to achieve higher performance in short text sentiment analysis. Thus, we took advantage of both BERT features and NBSVM features to define a flexible framework for our sentiment analysis goal related to vaccine sentiment identification. Moreover, we enrich our results with spatial analysis of the data by using geo-coding, visualization, and spatial correlation analysis to suggest the most suitable vaccination centers to users based on the sentiment analysis outcomes. In principle, we do not need to implement a distributed architecture to run our experiments as the available public data are not massive. However, we discuss a high-performance architecture that will be used if the collected data scales up dramatically. We compared our approach with the state-of-art methods by comparing most widely used metrics like Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F-measure. The proposed BERT + NBSVM outperformed alternative models by achieving 73% accuracy, 71% precision, 88% recall and 73% F-measure for classification of positive sentiments while 73% accuracy, 71% precision, 74% recall and 73% F-measure for classification of negative sentiments respectively. These promising results will be properly discussed in next sections. The use of artificial intelligence methods and social media analysis can lead to a better understanding of people’s reactions and opinions about any trending topic. However, in the case of health-related topics like COVID-19 vaccines, proper sentiment identification could be crucial for implementing public health policies. More in detail, the availability of useful findings on user opinions about vaccines can help policymakers design proper strategies and implement ad-hoc vaccination protocols according to people’s feelings, in order to provide better public service. To this end, we leveraged geospatial information to support effective recommendations for vaccination centers.

The existence of big data, social media interactions, and digital globalization has changed the way people make decisions either in their life or those of collective importance. Computational Social Choice (COMSOC), as an emerged field, has tried to join various social fields (social choice theory) and technical fields (computer science, mathematics, economics and logic). In the last few decades, expert rating was used to select the winner in the contest or competition, that was, later, merged with crowd voting. However, the results of voting based on aggregation of crowd opinion was not considered satisfied. The majority judgement is a new method of election. It is the consequence of a new theory of social choice where voters judge candidates instead of ranking them. In this research, we used Eurovision song contest data of 2021 final round. Eurovision song contest is held annually, in which almost 40 countries participate. We applied majority judgement on the Eurovision song contest data and found that Italy got highest position, followed by Croatia and Australia acquiring second and third positions respectively in competition of 2021.

Coronavirus has emerged as challenge for the whole mankind causing illness worldwide. To eradicate the disease, global efforts are put increasing to develop its vaccine. In order to achieve the immunity against the virus, wide provision of vaccine is necessary. To make sure the distribution of vaccines, the sentiments of people for vaccines must be analyzed. Now-a-days, people share their thoughts, feelings and feedback about anything they experience on social media platforms. In this study, high performance approaches have been used for the analysis of the sentiments of people about vaccines. In this study, we have used the freely available data and applied pre-processing over it. We found out the polarity values of the tweets using TextBlob() function of Python and drew the wordclouds for positive, negative and neutral tweets. We used BERT model for understanding the people’s feelings and feedback about vaccines. The model evaluation was performed using precision, recall and F measure. The BERT model achieved achieved 55 % & 54 % precision, 69 % & 85 % recall and 58 % & 64 % F score for positive class and negative class respectively. Therefore, the use of artificial intelligence in social media analysis produce fruitful results while determining the people’s attitude towards ant new trend, topic and any emergency situation. These methods helps to grow the vaccines campaigns timely by solving the people’s concerns about vaccines.

Today, the whole world is facing a biggest challenge in the form of coronavirus. The spread of COVID has caused health concerns worldwide. Considering this, there is an increase in the global efforts for the development of the COVID. The widespread provision of the vaccine is the major requirement in achieving the immunity against coronavirus. For this purpose, the public sentiments towards the vaccine campaign must be analysed. With the help of social media services, people are freely sharing their feelings and sentiments through posts, reviews or tweets. In this research, we have used advanced artificial intelligence methods for analysing the public sentiments towards vaccine campaigns. For this purpose, we used twitter data freely available on the Kaggle website and performed basic preprocessing steps. We used natural language processing (NLP) techniques such as TextBlob() and word cloud in order to find the polarity of the tweets to categorize them in seven different classes and find the most frequent keywords respectively. We used BERT model for sentimental analysis to understand the people’s mental state by studying their opinion and behaviour towards vaccines. Hence, the artificial intelligence based social network analysis must be considered for performing and analyzing the public sentiments towards any trending topic, pandemic or any other worldwide or local issue. Such methods can help to develop the trust of people towards vaccine campaigns timely and help to provide the proper administration of vaccines at large scale.

The social media and electronic media has a vast amount of user-generated data such as people’ comment and reviews about different product, diseases, government policies etc. Sentimental analysis is the emerging field in text mining where people’s feeling and emotions are extracted using different techniques. COVID-19 has declared as pandemic and effected people’s lives all over the globe. It caused the feelings of fear, anxiety, anger, depression and many other psychological issues. In this survey paper, the sentimental analysis applications and methods which are used for COVID-19 research are briefly presented. The comparison of thirty primary studies shows that Naive Bayes and SVM are the widely used algorithms of sentimental analysis for COVID-19 research. The applications of sentimental analysis during COVID includes the analysis of people’s sentiments specially students, reopening sentiments, analysis of restaurants reviews and analysis of vaccine sentiments.