The purpose of the present study was to examine the differences in English listening achievement and three types (intrinsic, extraneous, and germane) of cognitive load between outdoor ubiquitous learning (u-learning) and indoor computer-assisted learning (CAL). Participants included 160 university students taking a freshman English course, with 53 males and 107 females. They were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (outdoor u-learning) with 80 participants or a control group (indoor CAL) with 80 participants. The instructional experiment lasted three weeks. The results showed that (a) the experimental group had significantly better English listening achievement than the control group; (b) the experimental group had significantly lower extraneous but higher germane cognitive load than the control group, and both groups did not have a significantly different intrinsic cognitive load; (c) there was a significantly negative relationship between English listening achievement and extraneous cognitive load, a significantly positive relationship between English listening achievement and germane cognitive load, but no significant relationship between English listening achievement and intrinsic cognitive load; and (d) among three types of cognitive loads, only extraneous and germane cognitive loads had a significant correlation. The study may provide some implications for English teaching and u-learning.

This study aims to explore the influence of using e-portfolio for learning goal setting on self-regulated learning. The subjects were 40 second-year students (18 males and 22 females) taking the ‘Webpage Design’ course of the Department of Information Technology in a vocational high school. The experimental teaching lasted for ten weeks, and the students used e-portfolio for learning goal setting. The t-test result showed that the students’ self-regulated learning after using e-portfolio for learning goal setting is better than that before goal setting. The regression result showed that goal setting performance significantly and positively influences self-regulated learning. In other words, having goal setting or better goal setting leads to better self-regulated learning. Finally, limitation and recommendations for future work are proposed.

X-ray is a kind of secret power, it is usually used on the medicine, and it can be perspective human body and some items which are not metals. In the graphic art and design filed, digital photography is the common method for creating image, go through this method and the after effect editing, so many alluring images are presented for the audience; however, these images which are created by digital photography only can present the externals. The internal world is always as a secret region, we maybe know what it is, but we couldn't comprehend how it is like, thus, x-ray is the best way to understand what the internals is. In this research, medical contrast is used with lily flower, let the flower absorb the contrast for 12 hours, and the contrast will winding through the whole flower, then exposure the flower by x-ray, therefore, because of wavelength of radiation and contrast, we can see the internal of stem and leaves. The second method is used on human body. One of the authors is model in this part, and takes photo with same view and angle by digital camera and medical x-ray; consequently, the audience could see the internal and external view of models' body at the same time. On the basis of this research project, the intended outcome is going to bring authors some new vision, and after go through the whole project, authors wish some new imaginative ideas would be created in the testing procedure, therefore we could obtain new thoughts and experience from this project, and the x-ray combining design could let us know this silent power could be so different and it can be used not just in medicine, and delivering more ideas and methods to the other designers; artists and researchers who are interested on the same topic in design.

This study was designed to establish a Web problem-based learning (WPBL)platform as a knowledge transfer device for the purpose of reducing the poverty gap between rich and poor in Taiwan. As a whole, the result of using the platform was improved rates of knowledge transfer and of student learning results, which is an indirect way to reduce the poverty gap.

Many issues have been identified in outdoor teaching, especially in places that lack the capacity to effectively present information. This study proposes an environment of ubiquitous learning with educational resources (EULER) based on radio frequency identification (RFID), the Internet and ubiquitous computing technologies to resolve such issues. A case study of natural science learning is conducted in classrooms and at the Guandu Nature Park in Taiwan. The results of evaluation show that the proposed EULER significantly improves student motivation and learning.

This paper gives a full and detailed account of the design and development of a web-based learning portfolio (WBLP) system for authentic assessment, in the hope to help record, display, and monitor the student learning process. The functions of the WBLP system include portfolio creation, portfolio browse, portfolio guide, portfolio discussion board, portfolio class bulletin, suggestion board, student data maintenance, and system management. Databases used in the WBLP include student portfolio database (including student basic data table, portfolio data table, course work data table), discussion database (including topic data table, article data table), and bulletin database (including news data table).