When streaming 360° video, it is possible to reduce bandwidth by 5× with approaches that spatially segment video into tiles and only stream the user's viewport. Unfortunately, it is difficult to accurately predict a user's viewport even 2--3 seconds before playback. This results in rebuffering events owing to misprediction of a user's viewport or network bandwidth dips, which hurts interactive experience. However, avoiding rebuffering by naively skipping tiles that do not arrive by the playback deadline may lead to incomplete viewports and degraded experience.

Managing data center networks with low loss requires understanding traffic dynamics at short (millisecond) time-scales, especially the burstiness of traffic, and to what extent bursts contend for switch buffer resources. Yet, monitoring traffic over such intervals is a challenge at scale.

Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) are critical for optimizing Internet video delivery. In this paper, we characterize how CDNs serve video content, and the implications for video performance, especially emerging 4K video streaming. Our work is based on measurements of multiple well known video publishers served by top CDNs. Our results show that (i) video chunks in a session often see heterogeneous behavior in terms of whether they hit in the CDN, and which layer they are served from; and (ii) application throughput can vary significantly even across chunks in a session based on where they are served from. The differences while sensitive to client location and CDN can sometimes be significant enough to impact the viability of 4K streaming. We consider the implications for Adaptive bit rate (ABR) algorithms given they rely on throughput prediction, and are agnostic to whether objects hit in the CDN and where. We evaluate the potential benefits of exposing where a video chunk is served from to the client ABR algorithm in the context of the widely studied model predictive control (MPC) algorithm. Emulation experiments show the approach has the potential to reduce prediction inaccuracies, and enhance video streaming performance.