Traditional cameras face limitations in maintaining focus across dynamic scenes, especially during rapid motion, due to the constraints of their lenses. Post-capture refocusing techniques, including deep learning-based methods and light field cameras, have been explored to mitigate these challenges. However, these approaches frequently struggle with temporal consistency or experience a trade-off in spatial resolution. In this paper, we introduce the coded event focal stack, a novel approach that captures both motion and depth information through event streams recorded during a modulated focal sweep. Our coded event focal stack enables the generation of full-time intermediate frames refocused at arbitrary focal distances. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the superior refocusing capability of our method over state-of-the-art techniques, particularly in dynamic scenes with complex motion and depth variations.

Polarization, as an intrinsic property of light alongside amplitude and phase, has demonstrated great potential in a variety of downstream applications by providing valuable physical cues encoded in the degree of polarization (DoP) and the angle of polarization (AoP). Polarimetric imaging aims to acquire these polarimetric parameters by capturing polarized snapshots. However, compared to conventional imaging, it faces greater difficulties due to the presence of polarizers, which attenuate light intensity in a spatially variant manner. Such attenuation complicates exposure control: a short exposure leads to low signal-to-noise ratio and color distortion, whereas a relatively long exposure increases the risk of motion blur and saturation. To address these challenges, this work proposes PolFusion+, a unified framework that robustly produces clean and sharp polarized snapshots by complementarily fusing a degraded pair of short-exposed noisy and long-exposed blurry inputs. Building upon a polarization-aware three-phase fusion scheme, PolFusion+ introduces two key advancements. First, to handle saturation in the blurry snapshot, the irradiance restoration phase extracts and rectifies color information from both inputs, effectively mitigating saturation-induced degradation. Second, to ensure physically faithful polarization reconstruction, the framework explicitly models the individual characteristics and interdependencies of the DoP and AoP, enabling their joint restoration. These improvements are supported by a degradation-oriented neural network tailored to the fusion scheme. Experimental results demonstrate that PolFusion+ achieves state-of-the-art performance, effectively benefiting downstream applications.

This paper addresses the challenge that current event-based video reconstruction methods cannot produce static background information. Recent research has uncovered the potential of event cameras in capturing static scenes. Nonetheless, image quality deteriorates due to noise interference and detail loss, failing to provide reliable background information. We propose a two-stage reconstruction strategy to address these challenges and reconstruct static scene images comparable to frame cameras. Building on this, we introduce the URSEE framework designed for reconstructing motion videos with static backgrounds. This framework includes a parallel channel that can simultaneously process static and dynamic events, and a network module designed to reconstruct videos encompassing both static and dynamic scenes in an end-to-end manner. We also collect a real-captured dataset for static reconstruction, containing both indoor and outdoor scenes. Comparison results indicate that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on both synthetic and real data.

Event-based cameras offer unique advantages such as high temporal resolution, high dynamic range, and low power consumption. However, the massive storage requirements and I/O burdens of existing synthetic data generation pipelines and the scarcity of real data prevent event-based training datasets from scaling up, limiting the development and generalization capabilities of event vision models. To address this challenge, we introduce Video-to-Voxel (V2V), an approach that directly converts conventional video frames into event-based voxel grid representations, bypassing the storage-intensive event stream generation entirely. V2V enables a 150× reduction in storage requirements while supporting on-the-fly parameter randomization for enhanced model robustness. Leveraging this efficiency, we train several video reconstruction and optical flow estimation model architectures on 10,000 diverse videos totaling 52 hours—an order of magnitude larger than existing event datasets, yielding substantial improvements.

Event cameras are emerging imaging technology that offer advantages over conventional frame-based imaging sensors in dynamic range and sensing speed. Complementing the rich texture and color perception of traditional image frames, the hybrid camera system of event and frame-based cameras enables high-performance imaging. With the assistance of event cameras, high-quality image/video enhancement methods make it possible to break the limits of traditional frame-based cameras, especially exposure time, resolution, dynamic range, and frame rate limits. This paper focuses on five event-aided image and video enhancement tasks (i.e., event-based video reconstruction, event-aided high frame rate video reconstruction, image deblurring, image super-resolution, and high dynamic range image reconstruction), provides an analysis of the effects of different event properties, a real-captured and ground truth labeled benchmark dataset, a unified benchmarking of state-of-the-art methods, and an evaluation for two mainstream event simulators. In detail, this paper collects a real-captured evaluation dataset EventAid for five event-aided image/video enhancement tasks, by using "Event-RGB" multi-camera hybrid system, taking into account scene diversity and spatiotemporal synchronization. We further perform quantitative and visual comparisons for state-of-the-art algorithms, provide a controlled experiment to analyze the performance limit of event-aided image deblurring methods, and discuss open problems to inspire future research.

The removal of atmospheric turbulence is crucial for long-distance imaging. Leveraging the stochastic nature of atmospheric turbulence, numerous algorithms have been developed that employ multi-frame input to mitigate the tur-bulence. However, when limited to a single frame, existing algorithms face substantial performance drops, partic-ularly in diverse real-world scenes. In this paper, we propose a robust solution to turbulence removal from an RGB image under the guidance of an additional narrow-band image, broadening the applicability of turbulence mitigation techniques in real-world imaging scenarios. Our approach exhibits a substantial suppression in the magnitude of tur-bulence artifacts by using only a pair of images, thereby enhancing the clarity and fidelity of the captured scene.

Event-intensity asymmetric stereo systems have emerged as a promising approach for robust 3D perception in dynamic and challenging environments by integrating event cameras with frame-based sensors in different views. However, existing methods often suffer from overfitting and poor generalization due to limited dataset sizes and lack of scene diversity in the event domain. To address these issues, we propose a zero-shot framework that utilizes monocular depth estimation and stereo matching models pretrained on diverse image datasets. Our approach introduces a visual prompting technique to align the representations of frames and events, allowing the use of off-the-shelf stereo models without additional training. Furthermore, we introduce a monocular cue-guided disparity refinement module to improve robustness across static and dynamic regions by incorporating monocular depth information from foundation models. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate the superior zero-shot evaluation performance and enhanced generalization ability of our method compared to existing approaches.

Creating an image focal stack requires multiple shots, which captures images at different depths within the same scene. Such methods are not suitable for scenes undergoing continuous changes. Achieving an all-in-focus image from a single shot poses significant challenges, due to the highly ill-posed nature of rectifying defocus and deblurring from a single image. In this paper, to restore an all-in-focus image, we introduce the neuromorphic focal stack, which is defined as neuromorphic signal streams captured by an event/ a spike camera during a continuous focal sweep, aiming to restore an all-in-focus image. Given an RGB image focused at any distance, we harness the high temporal resolution of neuromorphic signal streams. From neuromorphic signal streams, we automatically select refocusing timestamps and reconstruct corresponding refocused images to form a focal stack. Guided by the neuromorphic signal around the selected timestamps, we can merge the focal stack using proper weights and restore a sharp all-in-focus image. We test our method on two distinct neuromorphic cameras. Experimental results from both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate a marked improvement over existing State-of-the-Art methods.

Polarization-based vision algorithms have found uses in various applications since polarization provides additional physical constraints. However, in low-light conditions, their performance would be severely degenerated since the captured polarized images could be noisy, leading to noticeable degradation in the degree of polarization (DoP) and the angle of polarization (AoP). Existing low-light image enhancement methods cannot handle the polarized images well since they operate in the intensity domain, without effectively exploiting the information provided by polarization. In this paper, we propose a Stokes-domain enhancement pipeline along with a dual-branch neural network to handle the problem in a polarization-aware manner. Two application scenarios (reflection removal and shape from polarization) are presented to show how our enhancement can improve their results.

Traditional focal stack methods require multiple shots to capture images focused at different distances of the same scene, which cannot be applied to dynamic scenes well. Generating a high-quality all-in-focus image from a single shot is challenging, due to the highly ill-posed nature of the single-image defocus and deblurring problem. In this paper, to restore an all-in-focus image, we propose the event focal stack which is defined as event streams captured during a continuous focal sweep. Given an RGB image focused at an arbitrary distance, we explore the high temporal resolution of event streams, from which we automatically select refocusing timestamps and reconstruct corresponding refocused images with events to form a focal stack. Guided by the neighbouring events around the selected timestamps, we can merge the focal stack with proper weights and restore a sharp all-in-focus image. Experimental results on both synthetic and real datasets show superior performance over state-of-the-art methods.

Taking photos with digital cameras often accompanies saturated pixels due to their limited dynamic range, and it is far too ill-posed to restore them. Capturing multiple low dynamic range images with bracketed exposures can make the problem less ill-posed, however, it is prone to ghosting artifacts caused by spatial misalignment among images. A polarization camera can capture four spatially-aligned and temporally-synchronized polarized images with different polarizer angles in a single shot, which can be used for ghost-free high dynamic range (HDR) reconstruction. However, real-world scenarios are still challenging since existing polarization-based HDR reconstruction methods treat all pixels in the same manner and only utilize the spatially-variant exposures of the polarized images (without fully exploiting the degree of polarization (DoP) and the angle of polarization (AoP) of the incoming light to the sensor, which encode abundant structural and contextual information of the scene) to handle the problem still in an ill-posed manner. In this paper, we propose a pixel-wise depolarization strategy to solve the polarization guided HDR reconstruction problem, by classifying the pixels based on their levels of ill-posedness in HDR reconstruction procedure and applying different solutions to different classes. To utilize the strategy with better generalization ability and higher robustness, we propose a network-physics-hybrid polarization-based HDR reconstruction pipeline along with a neural network tailored to it, fully exploiting the DoP and AoP. Experimental results show that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on both synthetic and real-world images.

Event cameras are bio-inspired cameras that can measure the intensity change asynchronously with high temporal resolution. One of the advantages of event cameras is that they suffer less from motion blur than traditional frame cameras when recording daily scenes with fast-moving objects. In this paper, we formulate the deblurring task on traditional cameras directed by events to be a residual learning one, and propose corresponding network architectures for effective learning of deblurring and high frame rate video generation tasks. We first train a modified U-Net network to restore a sharp image from a blurry image using the corresponding events. Then we train another similar network by replacing the downsampling blocks with blocks of the convolutional long short-term memory (Conv-LSTM) to recurrently generate high frame rate video using the restored sharp image and part of the events. Benefitting from the blur-free events and the proposed learning strategy, the experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods for generating sharp images and high frame rate videos.

Haze, a common kind of bad weather caused by atmospheric scattering, decreases the visibility of scenes and degenerates the performance of computer vision algorithms. Single-image dehazing methods have shown their effectiveness in a large variety of scenes, however, they are based on handcrafted priors or learned features, which do not generalize well to real-world images. Polarization information can be used to relieve its ill-posedness, however, real-world images are still challenging since existing polarization-based methods usually assume that the transmitted light is not significantly polarized, and they require specific clues to estimate necessary physical parameters. In this paper, we propose a generalized physical formation model of hazy images and a robust polarization-based dehazing pipeline without the above assumption or requirement, along with a neural network tailored to the pipeline. Experimental results show that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on both synthetic data and real-world hazy images.