Teleoperation of robots in space is challenging due to high latency and limited workspace visibility. Previously, the Interactive Planning and Supervised Execution (IPSE) and Augmented Virtuality systems were developed to reduce failure risk. These tools were visualized on a 3D da Vinci surgical console and operated using the da Vinci manipulators or visualized on conventional monitors and operated with a keyboard and mouse. Experimental studies indicated operator preference for the latter. In this work, we develop a 3D virtual reality (VR) interface for IPSE, implemented on a Meta Quest 2 head-mounted display (HMD), and evaluate it against the prior 2D, keyboard-and-mouse-based interface. The results demonstrate improved operator load with the 3D VR interface, with no decrease in task performance, while also providing cost and portability benefits compared to the conventional 2D interface.

Despite increasing mobile Internet penetration in developing regions, growing web page complexity and the lack of optimization from remote content providers make the web experience poor in these areas. The high relative bandwidth cost, poor network performance, and lack of relevant local content combine to dampen the demand for the Internet and services it enables. In this paper we propose GAIUS, a content ecosystem enabling efficient creation and dissemination of locally relevant web content. At its core, GAIUS consists of the following innovations: a locally sustainable content ecosystem, and MAML, a web specification language that simplifies web pages to reduce costs and lower barriers for content creation.