We present a corpus of 100 documents, named OBSINFOX, selected from 17 sources of French press considered unreliable by expert agencies, annotated using 11 labels by 8 annotators. By collecting more labels than usual, by more annotators than is typically done, we can identify features that humans consider as characteristic of fake news, and compare them to the predictions of automated classifiers. We present a topic and genre analysis using Gate Cloud, indicative of the prevalence of satire-like text in the corpus. We then use the subjectivity analyzer VAGO, and a neural version of it, to clarify the link between ascriptions of the label Subjective and ascriptions of the label Fake News. The annotated dataset is available online at the following url: https://github.com/obs-info/obsinfox Keywords: Fake News, Multi-Labels, Subjectivity, Vagueness, Detail, Opinion, Exaggeration, French Press

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This paper describes my vision of the current state of object-oriented database research. I first briefly define this field by its objectives, and relate it to other database subfields. I describe what I consider to be the main characteristics of an object oriented system, i.e. those which are important to integrate in a database system: encapsulation, object identity, classes or types, inheritance, overriding and late binding. I point out the differences between an object oriented system and an object oriented database system. I also point out the advantages and drawbacks of an object oriented database system with respect to a relational system. Finally, I list some research issues.

We consider the problem of propagating selections (i.e., bindings of variables) into logic programs. In particular, we study the class of binary chain programs and define selection propagation as the task of finding an equivalent program containing only unary derived predicates. We associate a context free grammar L(H) with every binary chain program H. We show that, given H propagating a selection involving some constant is possible iff L(H) is regular, and therefore undecidable. We also show that propagating a selection of the form p(X,X) is possible iff L(H) is finite, and therefore decidable. We demonstrate the connection of these two cases, respectively, with the weak monadic second order theory of one successor and with monadic generalized spectra. We further clarify the analogy between chain programs and languages from the point of view of program equivalence and selection propagation heuristics.

A database query is said to be safe if its result consists of a finite set of tuples If a query is expressed using a set of pure Horn Clauses, the problem of determining whether it is safe is in general undecidable In this paper, we show that the problem is decidable when terms involving function symbols (including arithmetic) are represented as distinct occurrences of uninterpreted infinite predicates over which certain finiteness dependencies hold. We present a sufficient condition for safety when some monotonicity constraints also hold.

Article Free Access Share on A calculus for complex objects Authors: Francois Bancilhon View Profile , Setrag Khoshafian Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation Microelectronics and Computer Technology CorporationView Profile Authors Info & Claims PODS '86: Proceedings of the fifth ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD symposium on Principles of database systemsJune 1985 Pages 53–60https://doi.org/10.1145/6012.15404Online:01 June 1985Publication History 109citation355DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations109Total Downloads355Last 12 Months11Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF

Several methods for implementing database queries expressed as logical rules are given and they are compared for efficiency. One method, called “magic sets,” is a general algorithm for rewriting logical rules so that they may be implemented bottomUP (= forward chaining) in a way that cuts down on the irrelevant facts that are generated. The advantage of this scheme is that by working bottom-up, we can take advantage of efficient methods for doing massive joins. Two other methods are ad hoc ways of implementing “linear” rules, i.e., rules where at most one predicate in any body is recursive. These methods are

This paper surveys and compares various strategies for processing logic queries in relational databases. The survey and comparison is limited to the case of Horn Clauses with evaluable predicates but without function symbols. The paper is organized in three parts. In the first part, we introduce the main concepts and definitions. In the second, we describe the various strategies. For each strategy, we give its main characteristics, its application range and a detailed description. We also give an example of a query evaluation. The third part of the paper compares the strategies on performance grounds. We first present a set of sample rules and queries which are used for the performance comparisons, and then we characterize the data. Finally, we give an analytical solution for each query/rule system. Cost curves are plotted for specific configurations of the data.

The probabilistic independence of data base mappings is introduced and studied.The evolution of a data base is simulated in terms of a probabilistic model.The occurrence of any legal data base value is assumed to obey a probability distribution and thus any data base mapping is modelled as a random variable.The probabilistic independence of data base mappings is therefore defined and compared with the algebraic independence.The probabilistic independence is in general a stronger condition than the algebraic independence.The relationship of the two notions of independence is studied and necessary and sufficient conditions are given under which the algebraic and the probabilistic independencies are equivalent.

A database view is a portion of the data structured in a way suitable to a specific application. Updates on views must be translated into updates on the underlying database. This paper studies the translation process in the relational model. The procedure is as follows: first, a “complete” set of updates is defined such that together with every update the set contains a “return” update, that is, one that brings the view back to the original state; given two updates in the set, their composition is also in the set. To translate a complete set, we define a mapping called a “translator,” that associates with each view update a unique database update called a “translation.” The constraint on a translation is to take the database to a state mapping onto the updated view. The constraint on the translator is to be a morphism. We propose a method for defining translators. Together with the user-defined view, we define a “complementary” view such that the database could be computed from the view and its complement. We show that a view can have many different complements and that the choice of a complement determines an update policy. Thus, we fix a view complement and we define the translation of a given view update in such a way that the complement remains invariant (“translation under constant complement”). The main result of the paper states that, given a complete set U of view updates, U has a translator if and only if U is translatable under constant complement.

Most data base machines use some type of "filter" to perform unary operations on files. This filter processes information "on the fly" during its transfer from mass storage (Disk) to main storage (main memory or buffer). This paper is devoted to the design study of such a filter for relational-type data bases. It is therefore assumed that data are structured as a set of n-ary relations.Using a top-down approach we classify the requirements under two catagories:1) Functional specification of the filter: the filter should perform the unary relational operations i.e. projection and restriction; it should also permit insertion deletion and updates of tuples.2) Performance requirements: in a filtering system access time is a linear function of the space used to the store relations, it becomes therefore of the utmost importance to minimize this space.In order to meet the second requirement, we suggest to structure the n-ary relations into hierarchical free format files. Clearly, such a data structure minimizes space: the remaining problems being the ability to read and update such files. It is then shown that an automaton-like device is sufficient to perform projections and restrictions of relations and insertions, deletions and updates of tuples. That device is described and an algorithm that automatically generates the microprogram realizing that device from the description of the relation and that of the operations to be performed is given.

This paper is concerned with the problem of equivalence and dominance relations between sequential stochastic machines. We first introduce the transition output stochastic automaton together with the notion of pseudoautomaton. In Section III, we establish some fundamental properties concerning the rank of a stochastic automaton.