CONTENT WARNING: This paper discusses image-based sexual abuse. Technological advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have made it easy to generate and distribute Non-Consensual Synthetic Intimate Imagery (NCSII); images and videos that depict people’s voices, faces, or bodies in intimate or sexually explicit scenarios. The creation and distribution of NCSII is a form of image-based sexual abuse that primarily affects marginalized people. We present Photo BOO-th, an interactive installation that invites attendees to encounter NCSII of themselves, resulting in a creepy, visceral, and affective experience. We designed Photo BOO-th to critique, raise awareness, and foster societal discussions around consent, image-based sexual abuse, and the role of technology in enabling harm. Following a Research through Design approach, we unpack design events that reveal some of the tensions and considerations in designing Photo BOO-th. We conclude with a discussion around designing creepy interactions in sensitive contexts, designing with and against the uncertainties in generative AI, and a reflection on vulnerability when designing creepy interactions.

We invite a visual exploration and critique of imagery that can be (re)produced through open-source models available in Civitai — a repository where creators share and monetize custom text-to-image models. The proliferation of these models contributes to the creation and distribution of Non-Consensual Synthetic Intimate Imagery (NCSII), a digitally-mediated form of image-based sexual abuse that primarily affects women and girls, commonly referred to as “deepfake porn.” We examine the practices surrounding the creation and sharing of custom open-source models designed to produce photorealistic content. Through a qualitative content analysis of 510 models and 3800 images, we illustrate the imaginaries about sex, bodies, and gender expressions that models embody and perpetuate, as well as how model creators understand their practices in relation to potential harms and misuse. We discuss pathways for feminist intervention and the care practices we embedded into our research process, and the design of this pictorial.

We present a qualitative interview study that examines what happens when things do not go as planned with digital contraception. Through an analysis of 27 interviews with ongoing users of digital contraception at the time of the study, we convey participants’ accounts of their experiences regarding unplanned pregnancies or use of emergency contraception to avoid an unplanned pregnancy. Our analysis considers participants’ sense-making processes, and notably how they attended to questions of risk and responsibility. Finally, we depict how these participants came to continue using digital contraception after these experiences. Our study connects to ongoing conversations on technological failures in personal informatics and safety-critical systems. We emphasise that failure and success should not be used as a binary classification of long-term users’ relationships with self-tracking technology, which are intimate and critical. Rather, the sustained relation with an intimate technology is composed by several ‘failures’ which are interpreted, acted upon, and, ultimately, overcome.

We present a content analysis of the privacy policy documentation and product descriptions from 146 smart sex toys across fourteen brands. We examine marketing narratives, policy accessibility, and disclosure completeness. We contribute an empirical illustration of a disregard for data privacy considerations in product descriptions and vague references to data privacy in privacy policy documentation. Among available privacy policy documentation, critical data storage and transmission details were frequently omitted or ambiguous, leading to misalignment with privacy claims in marketing materials. Our findings highlight inadequate transparency in the industry, paralleling issues in broader IoT systems and FemTech products and services. We underscore the need for HCI researchers, designers, and practitioners to address the structural inefficiency of policy compliance, the need to elevate privacy as an essential feature in products that collect and store sensitive and intimate data, and the stakes of privacy in the context of digital intimacy.

Menopause is an important life transition characterised by physiological, emotional, and social changes. It is surrounded by stigma and taboo. Thus, conversations about menopause are often rare, even among family members, and people often don't know what to expect from menopause. We leverage design and collaborative making to promote (intergenerational) communication about menopause, between mothers and daughters and between members of a broader audience. We describe a collaborative Research through Design process where we collaborated with six mother-daughter dyads to create material representations capturing and describing their diverse menopause experiences. Iterating on these representations, we designed and exhibited 5 interactive artifacts at Dutch Design Week 2024. We contribute with empirical findings on plural experiences around menopause, present the five artifacts built upon these experiences, and discuss the importance of pluralizing narratives around menopause through design.

Digital contraceptives are intimate technologies that support their users, and their partners, in preventing pregnancy. These technologies rely on basal body temperature data to predict ovulation and calculate a fertile window, where there is a risk of pregnancy if partners have unprotected sex. Although their use is shared and relational, these technologies are mainly designed for a primary user — the person who can become pregnant. We turn our attention to secondary users of digital contraception (i.e., sexual partners), specifically, Natural Cycles. We investigate how secondary users are designed for and how primary users imagine them to be. We contribute empirical insights on how secondary users are and are not involved in digital contraception and conclude with three design proposals describing how digital contraception tools could be designed to involve secondary users. We discuss how designing for secondary users of intimate technologies requires balancing their potential as co-users and adversaries.

Feminist research highlights the urgent need to challenge the oppressive design of commercial intimate technologies, particularly how the FemTech industry restricts access to intimate bodily knowledge through paywalls and proprietary systems. Yet, for decades, women and marginalized communities have turned to Do-It-Yourself (DIY) or ‘hacking’ practices to reclaim control over their own gynecology and intimate health, addressing gaps often ignored by medical research and healthcare. Inspired by visual themes from these movements, this pictorial critically explores how designers and HCI researchers might advance DIY approaches to intimate technologies. We exemplify this with reflections from a series of workshops on handmade intimate sensors, and draw out the joyful potential of collaborative making—building alliances, destigmatizing intimate health, and using craft to subvert gender stereotypes. We discuss matters of safety when making together and contribute to ongoing work on building feminist makerspaces.

Personal data flows across digital technologies integrated into people’s lives and relationships. Increasingly, these technologies include Generative AI. (How) should personal data flow into and out of GenAI models? We investigate how people experience personal data collection in GenAI ecosystems and unpack the enablers and barriers to governing their data. We focus on personal data collection by Meta, specifically Instagram, in line with their recent policy update on processing user data to train GenAI models. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 Latin American Instagram users, based in Europe and Latin America. We discussed the acceptability of their data flowing in and out of GenAI models through different scenarios. Our results interrogate power dynamics in data collection, the (inter)personal nature of data, and the multiple unknowns concerning data and their algorithmic derivatives. We pose provocations around feelings of powerlessness, reframing (inter)personal data, and encountering unknown data and algorithms through design.}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Data donation is an emerging practice enabling personal data collection for research. While it offers opportunities to access new insights into people’s behavior and experiences through their digital-trace data, the role of individuals – as research participants – is limited in most data donation projects. They primarily contribute with data, limiting the perspectives included and accounted for around critical research-design decisions. In this paper, we explore the opportunity to embed data donation in research processes that are not only contributory but collaborative and co-created. To do so, we present a participatory data donation case study focused on athletes’ perceptions of the impact of their menstrual cycle on their sports performance through their physical activity data. Based on the data donation experiences of 20 athletes, our paper provides insights into people’s preferences and expectations in participatory data donation processes and discusses considerations for supporting various degrees of participation in future data donation research.

Data donation is an emerging practice for collecting personal data. However, recent data donation approaches are insufficient in intimate research contexts as they perceive data as neutral and objective and do not consider the contexts where data is generated and shaped nor offer choices beyond whether to disclose data. In this paper, we investigate how Data Feminism can inform an alternative form of data donation and propose the Sensitive Data Donation (sDD) method. It recognizes the sensitive nature of data and assumes the importance of situating and contextualizing it through balanced participation from donors, either as contributors, collaborators, or co-creators. To develop the method, we conduct a scoping literature review where we conceptualize data donation theories and practices. These serve as a base to critique recent approaches and propose an alternative: sDD. It comprises five principles integrated into a five-phase approach. We conclude by discussing its limitations and future challenges.

Most people are entangled with an ever-growing trail of data that results from their daily interactions with products and services. Yet, they are hardly aware of the nature and characteristics of the data within this trail. We design dataslip, a provocative artifact that materializes the personal data trail into a receipt and aims to elicit creepiness. We demonstrate dataslip at two events in Delft, The Netherlands. Dataslip is a starting point to foster conversations with local community members about the underlying challenges and potential alternatives to personal data collection and use. We use these as prompts for further speculation through a collaborative futuring exercise with children, where we part from challenges towards hopeful and empowering futures. We contribute with an artifact that invites individuals to interrogate the current personal data practices they are embedded in and a set of five speculative design scenarios that suggest hopeful and empowering alternatives.

Digital technologies have increasingly integrated into people’s lives, continuously capturing their behavior through potentially sensitive data. In the context of voice assistants, there is a misalignment between experts, regulators, and users on whether and what data is ‘sensitive’, partly due to how data is presented to users; as single interactions. We investigate users’ perspectives on the sensitivity and intimacy of their Google Assistant speech records, introduced comprehensively as single interactions, patterns, and inferences. We collect speech records through data donation and explore them in collaboration with 17 users during interviews based on predefined data-sharing scenarios. Our results indicate a tipping point in perceived sensitivity and intimacy as participants delve deeper into their data and the information derived from it. We propose a conceptualization of sensitivity and intimacy that accounts for the fuzzy nature of data and must disentangle from it. We discuss the implications of our findings and provide recommendations.