Despite the growing utilization of large language models (LLMs) in cyber defense operations, their integration within intrusion detection systems (IDS) remains substantially underexplored. This paper proposes a novel approach to generating human-readable IDS signatures by fine-tuning LLMs on hexadecimal data. In our experimental framework, we deploy honeypots to capture malicious network traffic in real-world conditions, generating packet capture (PCAP) files accompanied by text-based alerts and Suricata signatures. The collected hexadecimal data, derived from actual attack vectors, serves as the training corpus for multiple generative and classification models, which are fine-tuned for optimal performance in generating human-readable IDS alerts. According to the results, generative model GPT-3-Davinci-002 excelled across metrics with BERTscore over 96%, while RoBERTa base achieved high accuracy of 96% among classifiers. These findings enhance our understanding that foundational models can improve hexadecimal data processing for cybersecurity. Our conclusions emphasize the potential of advanced generative-AI models in automating dynamic Suricata rule generation, thus enhancing IDS efficiency and accuracy. Moreover, this paper proposes an AI-powered IDS system for securing network environments that can significantly mitigate the risks associated with diverse and widespread devices. By integrating LLMs into security frameworks, this system offers a robust defense mechanism that dynamically adapts to emerging threats, thus enhancing IDS efficiency and accuracy in handling big data challenges.

In the task of modeling user preferences for movie recommender systems, recent research has demonstrated the benefits of describing movies with their eudaimonic and hedonic scores (E and H scores), which reflect the depth of their message and the level of fun experience they provide, respectively. So far, the labeling of movies with their E and H scores has been done manually using a dedicated instrument (a questionnaire), which is time-consuming. To address this issue, we propose an automatic approach for predicting E and H scores. Specifically, we collected E and H scores of 709 movies from 370 users (with a total of 3699 records), augmented this dataset with metadata, audio, and low-level and high-level visual features, and trained machine learning models for predicting the E and H scores of movies. This study investigates the use of machine learning models in predicting the E and H scores of movies using various feature sets, including audio, low-level and high-level visual features, and metadata. We compared the performance of predictive models using different combinations of features with the majority classifier as the baseline approach. The results demonstrate that our proposed machine learning-based models significantly outperform the baseline in predicting E and H scores, particularly when leveraging metadata features. Specifically, the random forest classifier achieved a 20% increase in ROC AUC compared to the baseline when predicting both the E score and the H score. These improvements were found to be statistically significant. Overall, our findings suggest that automated tools for predicting E and H scores in movies are promising alternatives to traditional questionnaire-based approaches.

Hybrid recommender systems utilize advanced algorithms capable of learning heterogeneous sources of data and generating personalized recommendations for users. The data can range from user preferences (e.g., ratings or reviews) to item content (e.g., description or category). Prior studies in the field of recommender systems have primarily relied on ”ratings” as the user feedback, when building user profiles or evaluating the quality of the recommendation. While ratings are informative, they may still fail to represent a comprehensive picture of actual user preferences. In contrast, there are other types of feedback data that differently or complementarily represent users and their preferences, including the reviews and the sentiments encapsulated within them. Such data can reveal important parts of a user’s profile that are not necessarily correlated with user ratings, and hence, they potentially reflect a different side of the user’s profile. In this paper, we propose a novel form of hybrid recommender system, capable of analyzing the reviews and extracting their sentiments that are incorporated into the recommendation process. We used advanced algorithms to generate recommendations for users capable of incorporating additional data, such as the review sentiment. We conducted analyses and showed that sentiments of user reviews are not always highly correlated with the ratings (e.g., in music domain). This might mean that sentiment can be indicative of a different aspect of user preferences and can be used as an alternative signal of user feedback. Hence, we have used both ratings and sentiments of reviews when evaluating our proposed hybrid recommender system. We selected two common datasets for the evaluation, Amazon Digital Music and Amazon Video Games, and showed the superior performance of the proposed hybrid recommender system compared to different baselines. The comparison were made in two evaluation scenarios, namely, when the ratings were considered the user feedback and when sentiments of the review were considered the user feedback.