This research paper focuses on the three-phase HF double active bridge DC/DC converter with a boost structure$(3\phi-\text{DAB}$-Boost) at the input. This converter is widely used in various applications, including fuel cell, hybrid, and electric vehicles. The converter comprises of two distinct stages, namely an inverter and a rectifier, which are connected via a HF planar transformer, providing a galvanic isolation and a voltage adaptation. The Single-Phase Shift (SPS) strategy is employed to control the power transfer by providing control signals for the output-side bridge switches relative to those on the input side one. The converter has many advantages, including its compact size, high efficiency, wide input voltage range, and high voltage gain. Due to its high-frequency operation, the components used in this converter can be made smaller in size while maintaining high efficiency. In addition, the wide input voltage range and high voltage gain provide flexibility in design and allow for use in a variety of applications. The paper provides a detailed description of the converter's modeling and control. Simulations were conducted using Matlab/Simulink software to validate its operation for variable phase shift angles (PSA). The results show that the converter has excellent performance and can be used effectively in various applications.

The development of green energy production processes is highly praised due to its advantages in environmental protection and economic growth. Within this framework, this paper analyzes the feasibility of electrical energy production in a grid-connected photovoltaic power system using an advanced sliding mode control (SMC). Our study focused on the implementation of a robust sliding mode control from a nonlinear system to control a photovoltaic system connected to the power grid. In fact, the first goal is achieved by applying an MPPT strategy based on polynomial interpolation technique to maximize the PV power injected to the grid. While the second goal is achieved through nonlinear controls applied for the power inverter using sliding mode control (SMC) and space vector modulation technique (SVM). Simulation results obtained under MATLAB-Simulink environment are validated experimentally with a PV system where the implementation of the control laws was carried out with a dSPACE1104 acquisition and control board. Simulation and practical results confirm the performance of this control strategy under different static and dynamic power flow regimes.

In this paper, the static and the transient performance of the wind energy conversion system based on an aero-generator with a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) which is connected to an electrical network through an indirect matrix converter (IMC) is investigated and analysed. The wind system control is incorporated two combined techniques, such as: the field-oriented control (FOC) for the wind-turbine PMSM side, and using an MPPT algorithm, to capture the maximum wind power and also to supply the necessary references quantities for the (FOC-SVM) controller to drive the rectifier of the IMC converter. On another hand, for the electrical grid side, we are adopted the model predictive current (MPC) to command the inverter of the is IMC. The main goal of this strategy is to generate the reference currents for the MPC controller under the constraint of the supplied current by the PMSM generator, and also it is to inject the active power into the electrical network with a unity power factor (UPF). The control strategy adopted for the overall wind system which is validated by numerical simulations using “Matlab/Simulink” software. The results show the dynamic responses with good accuracy and excellent performance, justifying the effectiveness of the technique exposed to control the IMC converter integrated in a wind energy system.

This paper establishes a single-phase shift control strategy applied to an isolated bidirectional dual active bridge dc/dc converter (DAB-IBDC). The converter is based on galvanic isolation. It contains a HF transformer embedded between two full bridges. The significant objectives of the proposed approach are to improve the dynamic response of the converter and to achieve a constant output voltage under variable loads and during start-up. To prove the validity of this control strategy, a simulation model is established via Matlab/Simulink environment. Furthermore, the dynamic performances of the bidirectional power transfer are examined with the goal of reaching high efficiency with a short time response. Finally, this part was made in order to be implemented later in a future work.

This research consists on the study and control of the bidirectional 3-ph high frequency double active bridge (Bi-3φDAB) DC/DC converter. The sort of these converters is utilized in renewable energy system, also it is appropriate for some applications such as the automotive and avionic applications. This last comprises of two power stages which are isolated whereby three 1-ph high frequency transformers in expect to offer an insulation betwixt the two ports. To manage the power transmission between the two terminals, a phase shift angle is presented between the two power stages. This system features a minimum input current ripples due to its three-phase construction and the high frequency operation, as well as the benefit of the reduced volume and size. Also, this converter presents an important voltage elevation and a large dimming range for the input voltage, as well as a significant efficiency. The operation of the Bi-3φDAB will be explained in this paper and simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK will be provided to prove the converter topology's operation. Finally, detailed analysis and examination will be done.

The development of semiconductors and microcomputers have led to progress in the production, transmission and distribution of electrical energy. The power transmission in HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) based on converters of type VSC (Voltage Source Converter) to win the challenge the power transfer of large values. The complexity of controller loop settings is a necessity to achieve the desired results. The control techniques used prove the effectiveness of the results with better performance in terms of stability, speed and reliability with the respect of the tolerance interval of overrun. The main contribution of this paper is the best control management of a bidirectional transfer of power experimentally between two infinite bus grids using HVDC system. The simulation results obtained in MATLAB-Simulink environment and through test bench model justify an improvement of voltage rate in the electric grid and flexibility of active and reactive power control through HVDC transmission systems. Besides, these results were obtained following the adoption of new additive performances based on a better estimation of the variation margins of the controlled variable.

The main objective of this work is to apply rule-based energy management algorithm between two sources and a load using two interleaved floating DC/DC converters dedicated to vehicular applications; the first is a two-way converter, the second is a one-way converter. These two converters are combined to interface the hybrid power which is composed of a fuel cell as the primary source for the vehicle and a storage system (supercapacitor) as a secondary source. This article provides a modelling of the two proposed DC-DC converters as well as a control strategy for each of them. However, the studied system being powered by two sources, it is essential to apply an energy management algorithm which must ensure the distribution of the energy flows between the sources and the load in order to satisfy the required power. A rule based algorithm is applied as well to generate source power references considering state-of-charge limitation to avoid overcharging and deep discharging in order to decrease the lifetime of the supercapacitor. To evaluate the performance of the studied converters, simulation results of the hybrid system with the energy management algorithm are presented.

The development of green hydrogen production processes is highly praised due to its advantages in environment protection and economy growth. Within this framework, this paper discusses the feasibility of hydrogen production in grid connected photovoltaic power station. The system is based on the conversion of solar energy into electrical power and hydrogen gas. The produced electrical energy is converted into hydrogen through electrolysis process. Therefore, the produced hydrogen will be used for refueling fuel cell vehicles or any other applications. The paper discusses the economic efficiency and the optimization of the PV grid connected system for the production of hydrogen. The total capacity of the grid connected PV system is 1500 kWp. The system produces 36465 kg of hydrogen per year with an average of 400 kg/day. The Levelized cost of hydrogen production is 4.2 €/kg. The estimated cost of the project depends on the cost of civil works, PV systems, electrolysers, and hydrogen tanks.

This paper deals with the sliding mode control of photovoltaic pumping system using an indirect field oriented control of the induction motor. The pumping system is composed by a photovoltaic generator, an output DC capacitor, an inverter which supplies an induction motor which drives the shaft of a centrifugal pump. After the modeling of the different components of the pumping system the sliding mode control is choosing to be apply in this work thinks to advantages, which present compared to conventional PI controller. Then an (MPPT) algorithm of the maximum power point tracking is used to determine the speed reference of induction motor from the value of illumination. Finally, simulation and experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies.

An energy management method for a hybrid power system based on optimal control is developed in this paper. The hybrid system is a set of a photovoltaic panel as the main energy source, a fuel cell and a storage system based on a supercapacitor power bank. The fuel cell has a weak point from the point of view of slow dynamics since the power slope is limited to avoid problems of lack of fuel cell. The very fast power response of a supercapacitor complements the slow power output of the fuel cell to produce the necessary compatibility and performance characteristics in a DC load. Each source is connected to a DC/DC converter. Optimal control has been processed to ensure power sharing between sources and load. In this article, the detailed description of the hybrid system, the modeling of the DC/DC converters and the optimal control are provided. Finally, numerical simulations under Matlab/Simulink are presented in order to validate the efficiency of the energy management algorithm.

To ensure a good quality of electrical energy at all points of the distribution network, the grid operators install several static compensators of reactive power (STATCOM) and many active power filters at some common coupling points PCC. This paper focuses on the operation of a static converter connected at PCC point performing the function of a static compensator (STATCOM) in the case of a voltage drop exceeding the standards and ensuring the function of an active power filter (APF) in the opposite case. This static converter ensures the regulation of the PCC voltage and eliminates the current harmonics produced by the non-linear loads connected to the grid. The control laws are designed to allow the converter to switch between the operation of a STATCOM and an active power filter. Furthermore, this research article represents an important aspect in scientific research concerning the control of FACT devices. A static reactive power compensator (STATCOM) for reactive power control and an active power filter (APF) performance are investigated by Improved Virtual flux based Direct Power Control (IVF_DPC). The association of a static converter with the (IVF_DPC) control allows to react in a very fast time to the grid perturbations. Simulation results of an improved control scheme (IVF-DPC) for STATOM / APF are affected by MATLAB / Simulink software to demonstrate the dynamic performance of the proposed control strategy. The adopted control scheme is implemented using the dSPACE 1104 board. Real time implementation results prove the efficiency and uniqueness of the adopted strategy

Wind farms will need to continue to provide voltage and frequency stability to the grid even during periods of disturbance or faults. Particular attention has been paid to the maintenance of production under disturbed conditions (fault ride-through capability LVRT) and grid support capability. The maintenance of the production in disturbed regime is possible by the design and the dimensioning of controllers able to maintain the connection to the grid and that in the presence of network defects. Control of reactive energy in the grid using flexible alternative current transmission systems (FACTs) can improve the transient and permanent stability of the later. This paper deals with the behavior of a double-fed induction generator (DFIG) under asymmetric voltage faults. A static compensator (STATCOM) is connected to the common coupling point (PCC) and serves as a reactive support to regulate the mains voltage and keep the DFIG connected. The different converters used in this paper are controlled by the oriented voltage control strategy (VOC) decomposed in positive and negative sequences. Simulation results under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment are introduced to show the validity and efficiency of the control strategy.

The present paper aims to propose a real-time energy management strategy (EMS) based on two-phase interleaved buck-boost and boost converters for Fuel Cell/supercapacitor hybrid system. The interleaved converter (IC) is chosen to be applied in this work thanks to advantages, which presents compared to conventional DC/DC converter, as low input current ripples, a higher efficiency, a faster transient response, a reduced electromagnetic emission and an improved reliability. The proposed converters control strategies continuously support the EMS, based on frequency distribution to coordinate the hybrid power supply system, under variable load power conditions. In order to implement the proposed controllers, a laboratory test bench is applied to conduct experimental validation of the adopted structure. Experiments FC/SC hybrid system with the developed EMS was performed for variable load and the experiment waveforms of each power source are included. The obtained results suggest that the proposed energy management algorithm and the converters controllers present good performances.

This article deals with the control techniques of a low-voltage grid-connected to wind power conversion system based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) using an indirect matrix converter (IMC). Details of the proposed strategies for both the rectifier and inverter stages of the IMC are presented. Thus, a rectifier control strategy based on voltage-oriented control using space vector modulation is proposed. In addition, the control objective of the direct power control (DPC) inverter is the regulation of the active powers of the PMSG according to references established on the basis of the maximum power point tracker (MPPT) of the wind turbine, and also a good tracking of the output reactive power to its reference ensures unit power factor (UPF). A numerical simulation investigation is conducted to investigate the fast-dynamic performance of the proposed control systems during the wind speed variation. The obtained results in simulation are then complemented with tests in laboratory environment, the DPC control system is implemented on a dSpace DS1104 real time board. Selective experimental results are presented using a laboratory prototype of the wind energy conversion system to demonstrate the resulting improvements of the developed system. The results achieved have been clearly responded to the follow-up of references even under fluctuating wind conditions, and show promising relevance of the proposed method.

This paper investigates the steady-state and dynamic performance of three-phase Indirect Matrix Converter (IMC) used in wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). For the wind turbine, the proposed control is the maximum power point tracking algorithm based on optimum torque control loop (OTC). The voltage-oriented controller combined with space vector modulation (VOC-SVM) control algorithm is proposed. The validation of the modulation process is successfully performed. Simulation results present a good dynamic response and excellent performance and verify the effectiveness of the adopted control strategy of the IMC under wind speed variation.

This paper deals with an improved direct power control (DPC) of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator, the adopted approach applies a nonlinear sliding mode control (SMC) scheme to directly calculate the required rotor side converter's (RSC) control voltage. An improved stator flux estimation method is proposed, using an integrator scheme with a closed-loop dc offset compensation algorithm. The proposed strategy consists on an improved programmable low-pass filter. The theoretical principle of this method is discussed. Simulation results present a good dynamic response, an excellent performance and verify the effectiveness of the adopted strategy. Some experimental results are shown, in this paper, using a real time system controller based on dSpace 1104. Experimental results show the validity of the proposed control strategy.

Solving the problem of the energy management of a hybrid electric vehicle consists on finding the best distribution of the power to be supplied by the different energy sources. In this paper, a frequency separation based energy management is applied to distribute the missions of the energy sources while respecting their energy and dynamic limits. In our case, the system consists of three sources of energy. These three sources have different dynamic power / energy characteristics. Thus, a fuel cell is used as a main source and a hybrid storage system, consisting of a battery and a supercapacitor, is used as a secondary source allowing to support the primary one. The fuel cell provides the majority of the demand and the battery supports the FC during its start up and during high load demand (acceleration, high road slope). As the supercapacitor, it guarantees the response to pulse load requirements which is ensured by its fast dynamic. The proposed energy management strategy is evaluated for the New European driving cycle (NEDC). Simulation and experimental results are presented to prove the effectiveness of this strategy.

In this paper an unidirectional high-frequency ac-link PV-inverter used as an interface between a photovoltaic panel and three phase ac-load will be studied in more detail. This converter belongs to a group of power converters in which the link is formed by a parallel inductance/capacitor. The inductance stores energy from the input and it discharges through the output. The link capacity has the role of soft-switching during both turn-on and turn-off of the switches Because of its variety of configuration this category of converter is named “universal”: inputs and outputs can be ac or dc, mono-phase or multiphase and two-ports or multi-ports. These converters have several advantages over the other types of converters that make them an excellent choice for use in renewable energy systems in standalone and grid-connected applications and for use in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles. Compared with other topologies, these ac-link converters are compact, reliable, efficient, they guaranty longer lifetime and can be used for bidirectional power flow. In this paper, the principles of operation of the ac-link PV-inverter will be clearly explained and simulations results under MATLAB/SIMULINK will be shown to validate the operation of the converter topology. Finally, detailed analysis will be carried out.

In this paper, we proposed a novel direct power control (DPC) strategy for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used in wind energy generation system (WECS). Basing on estimated rotor flux position and the errors of the active and reactive power, the switching vectors for rotor side converter were selected from the switching table. The proposed method used a rotor flux observer which deals with a low-pass filter algorithm (LPF). Finally, the proposed control and system performances are evaluated through simulation under Matlab-Simulink. The obtained results of a DFIG system illustrated the robustness and the efficiency of the proposed control method DPC during wind speed variations and indicated that the control strategy is efficient and leads to the best performances. Some experimental results are presented, in this paper, using a realtime system controller based on dSpace 1104.