Hua Cheng, Rana Jafari, April Russell, Russell Klopfer, Edmond Lu, Benjamin Striner, Matthew Gormley. Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2023.

Multi-label document classification (MLDC) problems can be challenging, especially for long documents with a large label set and a long-tail distribution over labels.In this paper, we present an effective convolutional attention network for the MLDC problem with a focus on medical code prediction from clinical documents.Our innovations are three-fold: (1) we utilize a deep convolution-based encoder with the squeeze-and-excitation networks and residual networks to aggregate the information across the document and learn meaningful document representations that cover different ranges of texts; (2) we explore multilayer and sum-pooling attention to extract the most informative features from these multiscale representations; (3) we combine binary cross entropy loss and focal loss to improve performance for rare labels.We focus our evaluation study on MIMIC-III, a widely used dataset in the medical domain.Our models outperform prior work on medical coding and achieve new state-of-the-art results on multiple metrics.We also demonstrate the language independent nature of our approach by applying it to two non-English datasets.Our model outperforms prior best model and a multilingual Transformer model by a substantial margin.