With the reduced distance between satellites in modern megaconstellations, the potential for self-interference has emerged as a critical challenge that demands strategic solutions from satellite operators. The goal of this paper is to propose a cooperative framework that combines the Satellite Routing (i.e., mapping of beams to satellites) and Frequency Assignment (i.e., mapping of frequency spectrum to beams) strategies to mitigate self-interference both within and between satellites. This approach stands in contrast to current practices found in the literature, which address each problem independently and solely focus on intra-satellite interference. This study presents a novel methodology for addressing the Satellite Routing problem, specifically tailored for modern constellations to maximize capacity while effectively mitigating self-interference through the use of Integer Optimization. By combining this method with established Frequency Assignment techniques, the results demonstrate an increase in throughput of up to 138% for constellations such as SpaceX Starlink. Notably, the study reveals that relying on individual approaches to tackle interference may lead to undesired outcomes, underscoring the advantages of a cooperative framework. Through simulations, the study highlights the practicality and applicability of the proposed method under realistic operational conditions.

Upcoming large satellite constellations and the advent of tighter steerable beams will offer unprecedented flexibility. Consequently, this will require resource management strategies to be operated in high-dimensional and dynamic environments, as existing satellite operators are unaccustomed to operational flexibility and automation. Frequency assignment policies have the potential to drive constellations’ performance in this new context, but are no exception to scalability and fast operation requirements. Most of existing frequency assignment methods fail to fulfill these requirements, or are unable to meet them without falling short on efficiency. In this paper we propose a new frequency assignment method that prioritizes operational requirements. We present an algorithm based on Integer Linear Programming that fully defines a frequency plan while respecting key system constraints such as handovers, interference, and gateway dimensioning. We can encode goals such as bandwidth maximization or power reduction and optimize plans according to such objectives. In our experiments on systems with 20 to 5,000 beams, we find this method allocates at least 100% more bandwidth and reduces power consumption by 40% compared to previous benchmarks. To ensure scalability, we also introduce an iterative approach of the formulation, which achieves substantial gains in runtime with minimal loss of performance.

This paper represents system models as algebraic entities and formulates model transformation activities as algebraic operations. We call this modeling framework ldquoalgebra of systemsrdquo (AoS). To show that AoS can automate complex model reasoning tasks in system design projects, we implemented the abstract algebraic specification as an executable metalanguage named object-process network, which serves as a tool for automatic model transformation, enumeration, and evaluation. A case study of the Apollo lunar landing mission design is developed using this algebraic modeling approach.

This paper introduces a language-oriented approach to manage the possibility spaces of a system architecture as logical partitions of design spaces. It uses a computable language to recursively represent these sub-spaces. We use the notion of narrowing and widening, first introduced by Cousot, to demonstrate that the decision-making process in architectural design can be formulated as a fixed-point search process in an algebraic domain of design representation languages. This paper contains background material, a description of the algebraic domain algebra of systems (AoS), and describes a meta-language for systems architecting, object-process network (OPN). Some applications of this method to architectural decision-making in space systems engineering and other fields are discussed.