Most traffic accidents resulted from distraction, inattention to surrounding cars, and driving fatigue. In order to protect drivers, a real-time lane-detection and front-vehicle distance measurement system that uses a mounted camera inside a vehicle has been designed for safe driving. For lane detection, the lane-boundary information is derived from the fan-scanning-detection method. The system calculates the departure degree according to the angular relationship of the boundaries and sends a suitable warning signal to drivers. For front-vehicle distance measurement, we use the front vehicle's shadow underneath it to identify the position of the front vehicle. The real distance is estimated by the use of the functional neurofuzzy network. The experimental results show that the system works successfully in real-time environment.

As the high growth of the number of vehicles, the traffic accidents are becoming more and more serious in recent years. In order to avoid the drivers being in danger, an intelligent vision-based system should focus on the image contents of the front the camera setting under the rear-view mirror in the vehicle. In this paper, we present a functional-link-based neuro-fuzzy network (FLNFN) structure for lane detection and departure warning system application. The proposed FLNFN model uses a functional link neural network (FLNN) to the consequent part of the fuzzy rules. This study uses orthogonal polynomials and linearly independent functions in a functional expansion of the FLNN. Thus, the consequent part of the proposed FLNFN model is a nonlinear combination of input variables. An online learning algorithm, which consists of structure learning and parameter learning, is also presented. The structure learning depends on the entropy measure to determine the number of fuzzy rules. The parameter learning, based on the gradient descent method, can adjust the shape of the membership function and the corresponding weights of the FLNN. The lane detection method and the departure warning system proposed in this paper have been successfully evaluated on a PC platform of 3.2-GHz CPU, where the average frame-rate is up to 30fps.

This paper presents a self-organizing recurrent fuzzy cerebellar model articulation controller (RFCMAC) model for identifying a dynamic system. The recurrent network is embedded in the self-organizing RFCMAC by adding feedback connections with a receptive field cell to the RFCMAC, where the feedback units act as memory elements. A nonconstant differentiable Gaussian basis function is used to model the hypercube structure and the fuzzy weight. An online learning algorithm is proposed for the automatic construction of the proposed model during the learning procedure. The self-constructing input space partition is based on the degree measure to appropriately determine various distributions of the input training data. A gradient descent learning algorithm is used to adjust the free parameters. The advantages of the proposed RFCMAC model are summarized as (1) it requires much lower memory requirement than other models; (2) it selects the memory structure parameters automatically; and (3) it has better identification performance than other recurrent networks. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

In this paper, a neuro-fuzzy network with novel hybrid learning algorithm is proposed. The novel hybrid learning algorithm is based on the fuzzy entropy clustering (FEC), the modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO), and the recursive singular value decomposition (RSVD). The FEC is used to partition the input data for performing structure learning. Then, we adopt the MPSO to adjust the antecedent parameters of fuzzy rules. Two strategies in the MPSO, called the effective local approximation method (ELAM) and the multi-elites strategy (MES), are proposed to improve the performance of the traditional PSO. Moreover, we will apply RSVD to obtain the optimal consequent parameters of fuzzy rules. The proposed hybrid learning algorithm achieves superior performance in learning speed and learning accuracy than those of some traditional genetic methods.

This paper presents a self-organizing recurrent fuzzy cerebellar model articulation controller (RFCMAC) model for identifying a dynamic system. The recurrent network is embedded in the RFCMAC by adding feedback connections with a receptive field cell to the RFCMAC, where the feedback units act as memory elements. A nonconstant differentiable Gaussian basis function is used to model the hypercube structure and the fuzzy weight. An online learning algorithm is proposed for the automatic construction of the proposed model during the learning procedure. The self-constructing input space partition is based on the degree measure to appropriately determine the various distributions of the input training data. A gradient descent learning algorithm is used to adjust the free parameters. The advantages of the proposed RFCMAC model are summarized as follows: (1) it requires much lower memory requirement than other models; (2) it selects the memory structure parameters automatically; and (3) it has better identification performance than other recurrent networks.

A self-adaptive quantum radial basis function network (QRBFN) is proposed for classification applications. The QRBFN model is a three-layer structure. The hidden layer of the QRBFN model contains quantum function neurons, which are multilevel activation functions. Each quantum function neuron is composed of the sum of sigmoid functions shifted by quantum intervals. A self-adaptive learning algorithm, which consists of the self-clustering algorithm (SCA) and the backpropagation algorithm, is proposed. The proposed the SCA method is a fast, one-pass algorithm for a dynamic estimation of the number of clusters in an input data space. The backpropagation algorithm is used to tune the adjustable parameters. Simulation results were conducted to show the performance and applicability of the proposed model.

multiprocessorscan severely degrade the performance of spin