This paper introduces the JTCDWT-DMIM-DCSK system, a novel communication approach based on discrete W transform and joint time-slot configuration dual-mode index modulation differential chaos shift keying (DCSK). The primary objective is to achieve high data-rate and spectral efficiency transmissions. In this system, a joint mapping scheme for time slots is utilized to convey additional information bits. Chaotic signals and their Hilbert transforms are transmitted separately during unselected and selected time slots. The transmitted signals are expanded by employing discrete W vectors, with the indices of these vectors conveying extra information bits, thereby enhancing data rate and bit error rate (BER) performance. Noise reduction techniques are applied to further enhance BER performance. Theoretical BER expressions are formulated for the JTCDWT-DMIM-DCSK system in both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath Rayleigh fading channels. Additionally, the paper provides an analysis of the system’s data rate, spectral efficiency, and complexity compared to advanced competitors. Simulation results validate the correctness of the theoretical derivations and demonstrate the superiority of the proposed system. Overall, the JTCDWT-DMIM-DCSK system holds promise as a cost-effective solution for wireless communications.