Software-defined Networking (SDN) is an increasingly relevant topic for modern automotive EIE-architectures. Despite Ethernet and IP, a large part of a vehicle's network comprises of low-power field-buses such as controller area network (CAN). SDN4CAN brought SDN to the CAN world by introducing a configurable element, the forwarding device, to CAN nodes. The forwarding element can store CAN arbitration IDs within white or blacklists to manage bus access. Storing large lists requires a lot of space, which is an important cost factor in CAN systems. An approach towards improved memory efficiency is to use probabilistic data structures like Bloom Filters. However, they bring their own challenges like presence of false positives, i.e., providing access to the bus for non-eligible CAN IDs. In this paper, we extend the SDN4CAN architecture to introduce BloomyCAN - a memory efficient extension of SDN4CAN based on probabilistic data structures, that exploits the presence of an all-knowing SDN controller to remediate the false positive challenges of the Bloom Filters.

Both the Internet of Things (IoT) and Information Centric Networking (ICN) have gathered a lot of attention from both research and industry in recent years. While ICN has proved to be beneficial in many situations, it is not widely deployed outside research projects, also not addressing needs of IoT application programming interfaces (APIs). On the other hand, today's IoT solutions are built on top of the host-centric communication model associated with the usage of the Internet Protocol (IP). This paper contributes a discussion on the need of an integration of a specific form of IoT APIs, namely WebSocket based streaming APIs, into an ICN. Furthermore, different access models are discussed and requirements are derived from real world APIs. Finally, the design of an ICN-style extension is presented using one of the examined APIs.

Upcoming connected vehicle applications will rely on large amounts of data to provide safety or comfort functionalities. Delivering such data, reliably on time is a challenge due to the inherent mobility in connected vehicle environments. The Information-Centric Networking (ICN) paradigm is a promising candidate to tackle the challenges of such environments. Addressing data by name instead of location, and the resulting capabilities such as in-network caching, make it a good fit for scenarios with a high degree of mobility. In this paper, we propose and evaluate an adaptive decentralized prefetching mechanism for ICNs in vehicular scenarios. By proactively placing relevant data in caches near to consumers, the overall service quality and delivery rate in the network is improved. The algorithm is evaluated using simulations based on a real V2X highway testbed in Austria.

Information-Centric Networks (ICN) ease the way to retrieve data from a network significantly by introducing content names that are independent from their physical location. However, in today's implementations, producer and consumer need to agree on these names a priori in order to allow data retrieval. This circumstance hinders the adoption of ICN in open context systems which are able to adapt to their environment over time. In this paper, the enhancement of ICN with semantic descriptors as well as a semantic discovery mechanism that could overcome these limitation are discussed. Both extension are applied to a vehicular IoT scenario. Furthermore, a first implementation using Named Data Networking (NDN) is presented.

The Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is a wide-spread, flexible routing protocol specifically designed for energy-constrained networks such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The resilience of RPL has been verified in several existing evaluations, but how a simple node reset can impact the energy efficiency has not been investigated so far. Thus, in this paper we examine the energy costs of transient node failures in a RPL network. We show that such temporary node failures can have a significant impact on the network's total energy usage. As transient node failures are common in WSNs this work reveals an important weakness of RPL which can even be exploited for attacks.

The fault-tolerant character of WSN protocols and applications that do not assume completely reliable systems legitimize undervolting - a highly efficient energy management technique where the supply voltage is set below the minimum specifications. As has been shown in earlier work, by using thereliable IdealVolting undervolting scheme the lifetime of WSN applications can be increased significantly while keeping the node in a safe state even under rough environmental conditions. To show the usability of undervolting in a real world WSN deployment, we performed a long-term study of IdealVolting in a Smart Farming application. All measurements were performed on a generic outdoor testbed for WSNs (PotatoNet) which is also presented within this paper. We collected a long-term dataset of a WSN running for one farming season on a potato fieldto compare the reliability and performance characteristics of IdealVolting against a regular powered WSN.

The emerging trend of the Internet of Things (IoT) enables new applications and aims to interconnect and integrate existing domains such as smart home or automotive. While enabling new applications, this also creates new challenges. Many of these challenges have their roots in interoperability issues between different interfaces within these domains and between one another. In this paper an approach to deal with these issues is presented. It makes use of the device description framework Eclipse Vorto. Using Vorto's capabilities to generally describe devices and interfaces and generating code, a proof of concept has been implemented where a smart home platform is connected to an electric vehicle in order to integrate the vehicle as part of a smart home platform. The paper discusses the challenges, introduces the proposed concept and gives some details on the implementation of the exemplary use case.

The appearance of high-performance connectivity (e.g. Automotive Ethernet, C2X Communication) will enable seamless integration of cloud-based services into the vehicle's Electric/Electronic (E/E) architecture. This new development poses several challenges regarding in-vehicle communication such as the need for runtime adaptive communication or the establishment of continuous connectivity between functionality hosted in the cloud and on deeply embedded Electronic Control Units (ECUs). These upcoming challenges can be tackled by the introduction of Service-Oriented Communication (SOC) protocols into the vehicle's communication system. For Ethernet a first standard has been defined with AUTOSAR's SOME/IP. However, today's most used automotive communication bus is still the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. This paper introduces a concept and a first implementation of a service-oriented communication protocol for CAN.

Vehicle-to-Cloud connectivity is opening up a vehicle's internal data and function portfolio to the outside world. This sets up new chances by being able to create new customer services that enable new business models and opportunities. However, current approaches for Vehicle-to-Cloud connectivity tend to build technological silos by being restricted to a single manufacturer or model, a single functionality or to the automotive domain which excludes seamless connectivity to other domains such as IoT or IT. Hence, a harmonized and generic cross-platform interface, a so called Vehicle Abstraction Layer, between the vehicle and the cloud has to be developed. A key issue within this task is the design of an abstract description of data and functionality provided by a vehicle. Such a description allows to automatically generate code in order to bind any vehicle being described to a cloud system. This paper introduces such an abstract description by using Eclipse Vorto, an open source device description framework. It also presents the technology used as well as a description scheme. Furthermore, the approach is illustrated by an example scenario.

In the past we presented a delay tolerant network that used public buses and trams in the city of Braunschweig to monitor air pollution. Today, as smartphones are becoming computationally more powerful and offer a variety of communication interfaces, it becomes attractive to investigate whether smartphones and vehicular nodes can cooperate with each other, forming a network that can provide better quality of service to applications. In this paper, we evaluate the feasibility of creating an integrated Delay- and Disruption-Tolerant Network (DTN) consisting of smartphones and the public transportation system. Most importantly we propose a Misbehavior Detection System (MDS) to protect the security of the hybrid network. The evaluation results show that our MDS is able to efficiently detect attackers and defend the hybrid network against the interference of malicious nodes.

Today, many sensor nodes are equipped with a microSD slot to provide a cost effective way to store large amounts of data. When using the FAT file system, data collected by a node can be easily read by a PC without the need for any special software or communication protocol. While several FAT implementations for microcontrollers do exist, they are not suited for real-time applications. For a WSN in an industrial scenario where a node needs to run a closed loop control program, logging to a non-real-time capable persistent storage system is not an option. In this paper we present RATFAT, an efficient implementation of a flexible real-time capable FAT file system for Contiki, that can be used for applications requiring real-time guarantees.

Wireless Sensor Nodes often need to store or cache measurement or operational data into some non-volatile memory. Many applications using low power sensor nodes are based on Contiki, which provides the COFFEE file system for data storage. As COFFEE introduces occasional long and hard to predict write delays, it can not be used in applications which have real time demands, such as sensor networks operating in industrial environments. In this paper we present an efficient implementation of a flexible Ring File System for Contiki, that can be used in real-time applications. Read and write times are predictable and adherence to Contiki's file system API allows it to be used as a drop-in replacement for COFFEE in many applications.

In this demo we present IBR-DTN for Android: IBR-DTN is a fully featured RFC5050 compliant Bundle Protocol implementation that can run on un-rooted Android devices starting from Android Version 2.3 (Gingerbread). IBR-DTN for Android supports all features of the IBR-DTN version for PCs and embedded systems. It is available in the Google Play Store for free.

In this paper we present an approach to piggyback link quality measurements to IEEE 802.15.4 acknowledgement frames by generating acknowledgements in software instead of relying on hardware support. We show that the software-generated ACKs can be sent meeting the timing constraints of IEEE 802.15.4. This allows for a standard conforming, energy neutral dissemination of link quality related information in IEEE 802.15.4 networks. This information is available at no cost when transmitting data and can be used as input for various schemes for adaptive transmission power control and to assess the current channel quality.

We present and discuss the AIS Library (AIS-Lib) that extends the Jist/SWANS network simulation platform. It implements basic features of artificial immune systems (AIS). AIS are one of the most recent approaches in computational intelligence, inspired by the efficiency of the human immune system.